问题 阅读理解与欣赏

现代文阅读(20分)

灯影书香

许寿裳在一篇记述鲁迅居京生活的文字里,提到西三条胡同寓所的壁上,挂着一副乔大壮所书的《离骚》句对联,文云:“望崦嵫而勿迫,恐鹈鴂之先鸣!”他说这是鲁迅先生“表明格外及时努力,用以自励之意”。 

这对联挂得很有意思,但要像鲁迅那样的人挂起来才能名副其实,如果让我辈来用,就不免僭妄了。

多年前我也动过一会心念,拟请能写好字的朋友给我写一副对联。当时选定的联语是这么说的:“书似青山常乱叠,灯如红豆最相思。”这好像是陆剑南的诗句吧!但那意境的确是完全符合自己当时的生活趣味。斗室中,书刊杂乱,上下堆积。每到天黑,就埋头书堆,对着不怎样明亮的灯光,常常一泡就泡到了深夜里。

要说一灯如豆。当然是极其夸张的,但由于夜深了,灯色也深了,日间浮动的心境,至此也显得分外的深沉。临案读书,那灯豆的情味,拟之红豆的惹人相思,恐怕也不为过。就这样,自己觉得个中天地异常广阔,毫不遗憾地安于一段相当长久的时间。

后来呢,虽然终于给现实轰了出来,不再困守于昔日的书堆了,但对那深灯之下,一卷在手的情思,仿佛总有点“剪不断”的余绪似的。

本来,只要还有时间的余裕,广读点书也是好事。问题在对书籍必须知所取舍。黄山谷云:“擘书覆瓿,裂史黏窗,谁不惜之?”我看未必尽然,天下有许多坏书,劣史,擘以覆瓿,裂以黏窗,可惜的是在瓿在窗,而不在书在史。因为它其实是玷污了瓿,亵渎了窗的。至于如赵季仁所持的平生三愿:一愿识尽世间好人,二愿读尽世间好书,三愿看尽世间好山水。只要他对“好”字义下的允当,则陈眉公所称“读书者当作此观”云云,也还是可加首肯的。

正因为世界上好书甚多,读之难尽,而劳生有涯,便觉得有时偷得一时半刻,局促在斗室之中,埋头于深灯底下,那种乐趣是无穷的,那种辛苦也是值得的。

注:望崦嵫而勿迫,恐鹈鴂之先鸣!集自《离骚》。崦嵫,神话中太阳所入之山,鹈鴂,即杜鹃,鸣时百花皆谢,这两句诗有抓紧时光,及时之意。

小题1:这篇文章中,作者所阐述的核心主张是什么?(4分)

小题2:文章标题为“灯影书香”,第4自然段写出了作者在“灯影”下读书的什么样的美好感受?(5分)

小题3:文章前面几个自然段记叙,后两个自然段议论,你觉得这样安排有什么好处?(6分)

小题4:请就本文某一方面(开头的特色、大量的引用、语言的风格)作简要的分析(5分)

答案

小题1:应多读书,但“对书籍必须有所取舍”

小题1:(1)夜深人静,“日间浮动的心境”也会变得“分外的深沉”。

(2)当此之际,更能书中宽阔、自由的天地。

小题1:前五段叙述,抒发自己热爱挑灯夜读的感受,动之以情;后两段议论,阐述对书籍必须知道有所取舍的道理,晓之以理。这种先叙后议的、叙议结合的安排和写法,既激发读者伴灯影,味书香的热情,又提醒读者对书籍必须之所取舍的道理,真是入情入理。

小题1:开头:从鲁迅先生选用的对联起笔,既自然地引出了自己多年前拟用的对联,以展开下文,又强化了下文所要表达的及时努力阅读好书的意思。

引用:这篇散文多出引用前人的诗文掌故,丰富了文章的内容,增添了文章的文采,增强了文章的可读性和说服力。

语言:文雅脱俗,与文章要强调的多读书,读好书;伴灯影,味书香的内容相得益彰。

多项选择题
阅读理解
 
阅读理解
     Facebook means never having to say goodbye.The social media website has earned a reputation for
reconnecting old friends.Last week,a guy whom I hadn't seen since my bachelor party five years ago
sent me a friend request.I accepted and waited for "Easy E" to send me a greeting of some kind.He had
sought me out,after all.
     I learned from his profile that he was in a relationship and had a son.However,I'm pretty sure we
won't ever write walltowall,let alone email each other.But he'll remain a friend of online until one of us
makes a point of removing the other from his official list.
     My pool of friends consists of family members,college buddies,coworkers from past and  present,and
friends of friends.There are 35 in all.If I spent some time uploading old email addresses,I'm confident that
I could increase my friend count actually.
     A person could make a mission out of reconnecting with childhood friends,former  classmates,distant
cousins, and those one would like to get to know better.And some people can even handle hundreds of
onscreen relationships,keeping up with the daily happenings of  their small army of companions.After all,
there are worse fates than having too many friends.
     Thanks to email,the inability to schedule facetoface meetings no longer means a  friendship must come
to a close.But even with email,people will lose touch if one or both  parties stop writing back.That's
normal.People move from school to school,job to job,city  to city.You never have to feel guilty for
breaking away.
      Every day,the masterminds of Web 2.0 find new ways of making human communication  easier.
However,convenience_can_be_a_crutch(拐杖). Some things shouldn't be simplified.When it comes to
friendship,there can be no shortcuts.

1. According to Paragraph 1,the website is famous because ________.
A. it has an interesting name of "Facebook"
B. it helps people get in touch with old friends
C. it can send people a greeting of some kind
D. it reminds people of events in the past

2. From the second paragraph we can learn that the writer ________.
A. would write to the friend quite often
B. asked the friend to email him
C. did get some information about the friend
D. would keep in touch with the friend forever

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. There are 35 people in the author's list of friends right now.
B. The author communicates with all the 35 friends by emails.
C. The list of 35 friends doesn't include the old email addresses.
D. It is not difficult for the author to increase his friend count.

4.What does the writer mean by saying "However,convenience can be a crutch(拐杖)"?
A. The masterminds of Web 2.0 also sell crutch online.
B. Taking a crutch is a new way of making friends online.
C. Convenience is dangerous for human communication.
D. Convenience is not really good for human communication.

5. What does the author think of the convenience of communicating online?
A. The technology could not keep true friendship forever.
B. The social website of Facebook means nothing at all.
C. There will be no ways of making real friends online.
D. People will not lose friends with the help of the Facebook.