问题 填空题

从行为获得的途径来看,动物的行为大致可以分为两大类,一类是动物______的,由动物体内的______所决定的行为,称为先天性行为;另一类是在______的基础上,通过环境因素的作用,由______和______而获得的行为,称为学习行为.

答案

动物行为从行为获得的途径可分为先天性行为和学习行为,先天性行为是指动物一出生就有的一种行为方式,是动物的一种本能,由体内的遗传物质决定的,如蜘蛛结网、鸟的育雏等;而学习行为是动物出生后在成长的过程中通过环境因素的影响,由生活经验和“学习”逐渐建立起来的,是在先天性行为的基础上建立的一种新的行为活动,也称为后天性行为,如黑猩猩把桌子叠放取香蕉吃等.

故答案为:生来就有;遗传物质;先天性行为;生活经验;学习

阅读理解

Choose the best answer. 根据短文,选择最恰当的答案。

     Many people go to school for an education. They learn languages, history, politics, geography, physics,

chemistry and mathematics. Others go to school to learn a skill so that they can make a living. School education

is very important and useful. Yet, no one can learn everything from school. A teacher, no matter how much he

knows, can not teach his students everything they want to know. The teacher's job is to show his students how

to learn. He teaches them how to read and how to think. So, much more is to be learned outside school by the

students themselves.

     It is always more important to know how to study by oneself than to memorize some facts or a formula. It

is actually quite easy to learn a certain fact in history or a formula in mathematics. But it is very difficult to use

a formula in working out a math problem. Great scientists before us didn't get everything from school. Their

teachers only showed them the way. Edison didn't even finish primary school. But they were all so successful.

They invented so many things for mankind. The reason for their success is that they knew how to study. They

read books that were not taught at school. They would ask many questions as they read. They did thousands of

experiments. They worked hard all their lives, wasting not a single moment. Above all, they knew how to use

their brain.

1. People go to school to _______. [ ]

A. learn several subjects

B. make a living

C. get an education

D. learn from teachers

2. According to the passage, the most important thing a teacher should do is _______. [ ]

A. to teacher his students everything he knows

B. to know everything

C. to teach the students how to think

D. to teach the students how to study by themselves

3. To work out a math problem, you need to know ________. [ ]

A. only a certain formula

B. more than one formula

C. some facts

D. the method to solve it

4. Why were many scientists so successful? [ ]

A. They received good education.

B. They were very clever.

C. They knew how to learn.

D. They learned lots of facts and formulas.

5. How did great scientists study? [ ]

A. They read a lot of books and asked many questions while reading.

B. They did thousands of experiments.

C. They always worked hard and never wasted time.

D. All of the above.

单项选择题