问题 改错题

阅读下列材料,回答问题,(13分)

材料一:卫鞅曰:“治世不一道,变国不法古。故汤武不循古而王,夏殷不易礼而亡。反古者不可非,而循礼者不足多。孝公曰,善。以卫鞅为左庶长,卒定变法之令。

---------- 司马迁《史记—商鞅列传》

材料二::“秦王扫六合,虎视何雄哉!飞剑决浮云,诸侯尽西来。”

--------李白

材料三:商君相秦十年,宗室责成多怨望者。……后五月而秦惠王车裂商君以徇,曰:“莫如商鞅反者!”遂灭商君之家。

司马迁《史记—商鞅列传》

请回答:

(1)材料一中“孝公”指哪国国君?(1分)“卫鞅”这一理论属于哪家学派?(1分)

(2)举出材料一中变法的内容及其作用是什么?(6分)

(3)材料一与材料二之间有何联系?(2分)材料二中的“扫六合”有何意义?(2分)

(4)根据材料三分析导致商鞅悲惨结局的原因是什么?(1分)

答案

(1)秦国;法家

(2)国家承认土地私有,允许自由买卖。奖励耕战,生产粮食布帛多的人,可免除徭役;根据军功的大小授予爵位和田宅,废除没有军功的旧贵族的特权;建立县制,由国君直接派官员治理。 作用:经过商鞅变法,秦国的经济得到发展,军队战斗力不断加强,发展成为战国后期最富强的封建国家。

(3)秦孝公任用商鞅变法,使秦国成为最富强的封建国家,为秦统一全国奠定了基础。   建立了我国历史上第一个统一的中央集权的封建国家,---秦朝,出现了“大一统”局面。

(4)守旧贵族的反对和秦孝公的死而失去政治支持。

题目分析:(1)材料一中“孝公”指秦国国君;“卫鞅”这一理论属于法家学派。

(2)商鞅变法的内容:国家承认土地私有,允许自由买卖。奖励耕战,生产粮食布帛多的人,可免除徭役;根据军功的大小授予爵位和田宅,废除没有军功的旧贵族的特权;建立县制,由国君直接派官员治理。变法的作用:经过商鞅变法,秦国的经济得到发展,军队战斗力不断加强,发展成为战国后期最富强的封建国家。

(3)材料一与材料二之间的联系:秦孝公任用商鞅变法,使秦国成为最富强的封建国家,为秦统一全国奠定了基础。材料二中的“扫六合”的意义:建立了我国历史上第一个统一的中央集权的封建国家---秦朝,出现了“大一统”局面。

(4)导致商鞅悲惨结局的原因是守旧贵族的反对和秦孝公的死而失去政治支持。

点评:关于商鞅变法,学生还要知道改革时的秦国国君是秦孝公,时间是公元356年。奖励生产能够调动农民生产积极性,有利于实现秦国的富强;奖励军功能够提高秦国军队的战斗力;承认土地私有,有利于封建土地所有制的形成;推行县制,有利于加强中央集权;统一度量衡能够促进秦国经济发展。学生还要知道,商鞅虽然最终遭到车裂之刑,但改革还是成功的,因为这场改革使秦国富强起来,国力大增,为以后兼并六国打下了坚实的基础。

阅读理解
任务型读写(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填一个单词。
The USA is the first country where Mother’s Day appeared.
On May 9th, 1906,an American Anne Jevis’s mother died. Ann was in deep sorrow. In order to memorize her mother, she put forward a proposal to fix a day as Mother’s Day. On May 7th ,1914,the Congress of the USA passed a law ,making the second Sunday of May “Mother’s Day”.
Today millions of Americans observe Mother’s Day in some ways. They buy more than 150,000,000Mother’s Day greeting cards. Companies produce more than 1,000 different kinds. Most of the cards show pictures of flowers, hearts or other things that people feel are linked to being a mother. They have messages that express a person’s love for his or her mother. Some are humorous. And some have no words. People can express their own feelings for their mother. Many people give flowers for Mother’s Day. It is one of the busiest days of the year for the flower industry. Many people have written songs about mothers and Mother’s Day.
Mother’s Day is a time for young children to do special things for their mother. Some would make a special gift or draw a special picture. One family activity on Mother’s Day is to have the children cook the early morning meal .Then they serve the food to their mother while she is still in bed. Or they might clean the house so she does not have to do it. Fathers might take care of the children that day so the mothers can rest, or take a walk, or read a book. Many mothers feel that this free time on their special day is a very good Mother’s Day gift.
Some families will get together for a meal at a local eating place. This means that mothers do not have to cook on their special day. Coming out to dinner has become a tradition on Mother’s Day. As a result, restaurants are extremely crowded that day. It has become one of the busiest days of the year for the restaurant industry in the United States.
Now Mother’s Day has been an international festival and more than 40 countries have accepted this festival.
Title:76     Day
Date
The 77       Sunday of May
78.      
Anne’s 79.          at her mother’s death
82.           
to celebrate
Cards are sent with flowers or hearts to express80.      
81.         written for mothers
Special things done by children
Make special gifts
Draw special pictures
Cook and serve the early
morning meal
Clean the house
Special things done by fathers
Look after children
Get together for a meal at a local eating place, which makes restaurants very83.       
84.        
An international festival celebrated in over 85.       countries
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