问题 改错题

阅读下列材料,结合所学的知识,回答下列问题:(共13分)

卫鞅曰:“治世不一道,便国不法古。故汤武不循古而王,夏殷不易礼而亡。反古者不可非,而循礼者不足多”。孝公曰:“善。”以卫鞅为左庶长,卒定变法之令。             

——司马迁《史记·商鞅列传》

请回答下列问题:

(1)材料反映了商鞅的什么主张?(2分)商鞅在谁的支持下进行了变法(1分)

(2)商鞅变法的目的是什么?(2分)他代表的是哪个阶级的利益?(2分)

(3)变法中促进农业生产的措施是什么?(2分)

(4)这次变法产生的历史作用是什么?(2分)

(5)通过学习商鞅变法,说一说一场改革或变法要想取得成功,需具备哪些条件?(2分)

答案

(1)主张按现实需要改变传统治理国家的政策,不必因循守旧。秦孝公。

(2)为了确立封建统治,发展封建经济。地主阶级

(3)奖励耕战,生产粮食布帛多的人可以免除徭役。

(4)经过商鞅变法,秦国发展成为战国后期最富强的封建国家,为秦灭六国奠定了基础。

(5)改革要符合人民群众的利益,得民心者得天下;改革要顺应社会发展潮流,紧跟时代发展。(答案符合题意即可)

题目分析:(1)阅读材料可知,本题涉及的知识点是商鞅变法。商鞅认为世道不同、法律也不一样,并以商汤和武王为例,极力主张改变治理国家的政策。最后在秦孝公的大力支持下实行变法改革。

变法目的可以结合春秋战国时期的历史背景来考虑。铁农具和牛耕的推广和使用。使大量土地被开垦出来,奴隶主将新开垦的土地租种给奴隶,这样就出现了地主阶级和农民阶级。新兴的地主阶级为了确立封建统治、发展封建经济纷纷变法改革。商鞅就是在这样的历史背景下实施变法运动。

农业方面的措施,可以从土地、种植、生产等方面去思考。

秦国之所以能灭六国、之为它比六国要强大,而秦国的强大和商鞅变法有直接的关系。 经过商鞅变法,秦国发展成为战国后期最富强的封建国家,为秦灭六国奠定了基础。

本小题属于主观性较强的题目,商鞅变法顺应了历史发展趋势、符合民心民意,可以从这方面去思考,当然也以从商鞅本人具有开创精神等角度去考虑。言之有理即可。

点评:本题难度适中,考查了学生的记忆能力和理解能力。该知识点是个重点内容、也是常考点,该知识点可以和管仲改革、孝文帝改革一起出题,考察学生综合分析能力。常设置的问题有:这三次改革取得成功的共同原因是什么?给我们带来哪些启示?

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     What is the hottest topic at your school recently? In Hangzhou Yongjin Middle School, it's money.

     The school held an activity called "Making Money" last weekend. About 200 Junior l and Junior 2

students were divided int0 30 teams. They went out to make money by selling things.

     What did they choose to sell? Some sold newspapers; some chose bottled water; some sold

environmentally-friendly shopping bags and bamboo baskets.

     Hu Qing's team decided to sell some useful books in front of the Children Activity Center. They thought

parents would like to buy the books for their children. But unfortunately, they met urban management

officers (城管). The officers asked them to leave. "We played hide-and- seek (捉迷藏) with the officers

for the whole morning," said Hu. "Finally we had to give up."

      Wang Bing and her team sold ice cream in a square. They didn't meet any officers. But few people

were interested in what they were selling. The team then put up a board saying "For Country Kids". It

worked. More people came to their stall (小摊). A foreigner even gave them 100 yuan. "He didn't want

any change. He said he wanted to help the children," said Wang. "We were touched." Later that day they

gave the 100 yuan and more to the "Project Hope" office.

     Meng Zhaoxiang and his team were luckier. They sold all their cakes in four hours, spending 39.5

yuan and getting back 80 yuan. They made 40.5 yuan. "It was not easy to make the money," said Meng.

"Some people just looked. Others just tasted but didn't buy. Now I know how hard it is for our parents

to make the money we need to lead happy lives."

1. In Hangzhou Yongjin Middle School,what the students talk more about is _____. [ ]

A. the officers

B. the kind foreigner

C. the activity called "Making Money"

D. the money they made last weekend

2. _____ took part in the activity. [ ]

A. All the students

B. Some teachers

C. About 200 students of the three grades

D. Part of Junior l and Junior 2 students

3. Hu Qing's team finally gave up because _____.[ ]

A. the parents didn't like to buy the books

B. the Children Activity Center was too crowded

C. the officers didn't allow them to sell anything there

D. the team played the game of hide-and-seek the whole morning

4. Why did more people come to Wang Bing's stall at last? [ ]

A. The team put up a magic board.

B. A foreigner came up and helped them.

C. The people liked to help country kids.

D. The people were interested in their ice cream.

5. According to the passage the students learn _____. [ ]

A. it's impossible for them to make money

B. it's not easy for their parents to make money

C. it's very important for them to make a living

D. it's necessary for school to hold more activities in the future