问题 单项选择题

下列哪项是错误的

A.抗-HEVIgM阳性可诊断为HEV近期感染
B.HBsAg和NHDAg均呈阳性,可诊断为HBV及HDV联合感染
C.HCV-RNA阳性时可诊断为HCV。现症感染
D.单项抗-HBc阳性时,可诊断为HBV现症感染
E.抗-HAVIgM阳性可诊断为HAV近期感染

答案

参考答案:D

解析:核心抗体抗-HBc出现于HBsAg出现后3~5周,当抗-HBc尚未出现,HBsAg已消失,血中只检出抗-HBc,此阶段称为窗口期。抗-HBs阳性见于注射过乙肝疫苗或曾感染过HBV,目前HBV已被清除者。
[考点] 病毒性肝炎的实验室检查。

多项选择题


某年某月某日,某市某化塑制品厂发生火灾,整个厂房被烧毁,造成直接经济损失达127.6万元。
当日8时上班后,工人孙某在该化塑制品厂压球车间门口西侧用电焊焊接压模。焊接现场的周围除一条3m宽的通道外,堆满了袋装成品浮球及废料,还有数个装丙酮、乙烷的铁桶。8时20分左右,拌料员谷某要在孙某作业处西侧约1.5m左右的地方,从铁桶中抽取丙酮,即告诉孙某要先停止电焊,孙某同意后便离开作业处。谷某用塑料管从铁桶向塑料桶中抽取丙酮,由于操作不当将丙酮洒在水泥地面上,谷某没有采取任何措施就离开了现场。孙某回到作业处,没有检查也没有采取任何防护便继续电焊。在焊接约3cm长的一段接缝时,电焊溅起的火花将洒在地上的丙酮点燃,孙某见起火,用正在焊接的方模去压地上的火苗,但火苗仍然四溅。孙某与另一名工人先后取来3只灭火器,均未启动成功。火借风势迅速蔓延,整个厂区被大火吞噬。直到11时,大火才被扑灭。
事故发生后,该市人民检察院受理了此案,这起火灾事故是由于违章堆放危险品,遇明火而引起的,谷某等4人对此负有责任。经现场勘察和调查认定,谷某、孙某在生产过程中,违反规章制度,导致发生特大火灾,造成集体财产遭受严重损失,他们的行为触犯了《中华人民共和国刑法》第114条的规定,构成重大责任事故罪。厂领导孙某和厂长刘某身为企业管理人员,不认真履行职责,对厂内事故隐患熟视无睹,对工人的违章作业放任自流,以致由于操作工人在事故隐患区域作业而发生特大火灾,他们的行为触犯了《中华人民共和国刑法》第187条的规定,构成玩忽职守罪。
根据以上场景,回答下列问题(1~3题为单选题,4~8题为多选题,请将正确选项代码填写到题干括号内)

扑救B类火灾应选用( )灭火器。

A.干粉

B.水型

C.卤代烷

D.二氧化碳型

E.泡沫

单项选择题

In an age of perpetual digital connectedness, why do people seem so disconnected In a Duke University study, researchers found that from 1985 to 2004, the percentage of people who said there was no one with whom they discussed important matters tripled, to 25%; the same study found that overall, Americans had one-third fewer friends and confidants than they did two decades ago.

Another recent study, by researchers at the University of Michigan, found that college students today have significantly less empathy than students of generations past did. The reason, psychologists speculate, may have something to do with our increasing reliance on digital communication and other forms of new media.

It’s possible that instead of fostering real friendships off-line, e-mail and social networking may take the place of them—and the distance inherent in screen-only interactions may breed feelings of isolation or a tendency to care less about other people. After all, if you don’t feel like dealing with a friend’s problem online, all you have to do is log off.

The problem is, as empathy wanes, so does trust. And without trust, you can’t have a cohesive society. Consider the findings of a new study co-authored by Kevin Rockmann of George Mason University and Gregory Northcraft at the University of Illinois who specializes in workplace collaboration. Northcraft says high-tech communications like e-mail and (to a lesser extent) videoconferencing—which are sometimes known as "lean communication" because they have fewer cues like eye contact and posture for people to rely on—strip away the personal interaction needed to breed trust. In a business setting—as in all other social relationships outside the workplace—trust is a necessary condition for effective cooperation within a group. "Technology has made us much more efficient but much less effective," said Northcraft in a statement. "Something is being gained, but something is being lost. The something gained is time, and the something lost is the quality of relationships. And quality of relationships matters."

In Rockmann and Northcraft’s study, 200 students were divided into teams and asked to manage two complicated projects: one having to do with nuclear disarmament; the other, price fixing. Some groups communicated via e-mail, some via videoconference and others face to face. In the end, those who met in person showed the most trust and most effective cooperation; those using e-mail were the least able to work together and get the job done.

Northcraft thinks this is because real-life meetings, during which participants can see how engaged their colleagues are, breed more trust. Over e-mail, meanwhile, confirmation of hard work gets lost, which tends to encourage mutual slacking off.

The study of interpersonal relations by Duke University reveals that()

A. people become too introverted to talk about personal matters

B. people tend not to be empathetic

C. people may feel more isolated than they did before

D. people prefer online communication with others