妊娠早期妇女患下列哪种疾病易使胎儿发生白内障、内耳性听力障碍、心脏畸形
A．流行性感冒
B．流行性腮腺炎
C．麻疹
D．急性背髓灰质炎
E．风疹
参考答案：E
解析：风疹病毒是一种危险的致畸因素。早孕3个月内是胚胎器官形成的重要时期，此时孕妇受染，病毒可以通过胎盘感染胎儿。受染时间越早，危害越大，主要表现为白内障、青光眼、视网膜病变及小眼球、耳聋、先天性心脏病、中枢神经系统障碍(小头畸形、脑炎、智力障碍)或骨损害、肝脾大、血小板减少、新生儿出生体重低下等。
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