问题 单项选择题

设A,B是n阶实对称可逆矩阵,则存在n阶可逆阵P,使得下列关系式
①PA=B. ②P-1ABP=BA. ③P-1AP=B. ④PTA2P=B2
成立的个数是 ( ).

A.1.

B.2.

C.3.

D.4.

答案

参考答案:C

解析:[分析] 逐个分析关系式是否成立.
①A,B均是n阶可逆矩阵,故存在可逆阵Q,W,使QA=E,WB=E(可逆阵可通过初等行变换化为单位阵),故有QA=WB,W-1QA=B.记W-1Q=P.则有PA=B成立.故(1)式成立.
②A,B均是n阶可逆矩阵,可取P=A,则有A-1(AB)A=(A-1A)BA=BA.故(2)式成立.
③A,B均是n阶实对称矩阵,它们均可以相似于对角阵,但不一定相似于同一个对角阵,即A,B之间不一定相似.例如[*](均满足题设的实对称可逆阵的要求),但对任意可逆阵P,均有P-1AP=P-1EP=E≠B.故(3)不成立.
④A,B均是实对称可逆矩阵,其特征值均不为零,A2,B2的特征值均大于零.故A2,B2的正惯性指数为n(秩为n,负惯性指数为0),故A2[*]B2,即存在可逆阵P,使得PTA2P=B2,故(4)式成立.
由上分析,知应选(C).
[评注] 由本题可知,两个同阶可逆阵A,B必是等价的(由①知),且其积AB,BA必是相似的(由②知),但A,B不一定相似(由③知),但两个实对称可逆阵A,B,其平方A2与B2一定是合同的(由④知)。

单项选择题
填空题

A good translator is by definition bilingual. The opposite is not ______(1) true, however. A born and bred bilingual will still need two__________(2) to become a translator: first, the skills and experience necessary for__________(3); second, knowledge of the field in which he or she will__________(4). The skills and experience for translation include the ability to write ______(5) in the target language, the ability to read and understand the_________(6) language material thoroughly, and the ability to work with the latest__________(7) and communication hardware and software.Does a born and bred bilingual__________(8) a better translator than someone who learned language B later in__________(9) There is no definite answer, but the following issues are important.__________(10), a born and bred bilingual often suffers from not truly knowing __________(11) language well enough to translate, with some even suffering from what __________(12) known as a lingualism, a state in which a person lacks_________(13) full, fluent command of any language. Second, born and bred bilinguals__________(14) don’’t know the culture of the target language well enough to_________(15) top-quality translations, or cannot recognize what aspects of the source language__________(16) its culture need to be treated with particular care, as they_________(17) in a sense too close to the language. And last, they often_________(18) the analytical linguistic skills to work through a sticky text.On_________(19) other hand, the acquired bilingual may not have the same in-depth _________(20) of colloquialisms, slang, and dialect that the born bilingual has. Also, the acquired bilingual will not be able to translate as readily in both directions (from B to language A and A to language B). Finally, born bilinguals often have a greater appreciation of the subtleties and nuances of both their languages than someone who learns their B language later in life can ever hope to have.