问题 单项选择题

大量出汗时尿量减少是由于

A.血浆晶体渗透压升高,ADH释放增多
B.血浆晶体渗透压降低,ADH释放减少
C.血量减少,血压下降
D.血浆胶体渗透压升高,ADH释放增多
E.血浆胶体渗透压升高,肾小球滤过率减少

答案

参考答案:A

解析:[考点] 机体对水平衡的调节
[分析] 机体排出的汗液足低渗的,因此,大量出汗引起的脱水.表现为高渗脱水。由于汗液中NaC1较血浆低,没有蛋白质,血浆渗透压升高主要是晶体渗透压升高。血浆晶体渗透压升高,刺激了下丘脑的渗透压感受器,引起抗利尿激素释放增加,使肾脏远曲小管和集合管对水的重吸收增加,导致尿液浓缩和尿量减少。此外,抗利尿激素也能增加髓袢升支粗段对NaC1的主动重吸收和内髓部集合管对尿素的通透性,提高了肾髓质的渗透压梯度,也有利于尿液浓缩。

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问答题

已知C源程序如下:
/*Input today’s date,output tomorrow’s date*/
/*version 2*/
#include<stdio.h>
struct ydate
int day;int month;int year;;
int leap(struct ydate d)
if((d.year%4==0&&d.year%100!=0)||(d.year%400==0))
    return 1;
   else
    return 0;

int numdays(struct ydate d)
int day;
   static int daytab[]=
    31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31);
   if(leap(d)&&d.month==2)
    day=29;
   else
    day=daytab[d.month-1];
   return day;

int main(void)
struct ydate today,tomorrow;
   printf("format of date is:year,month,day 输入的年、月、日之间应用逗号隔开\n");
   printf("today is:");
   scanf("%d,%d,%d",&today.year,&today.month,&today.day);
   while(0>=today.year
|| today.year>65535 || 0>=today.month || today.month>12) ||
0>=today.day || today.day>numdays(today))
     printf("input date error!reenter the day!\n");
printf("today is:");
scanf("%d,%d,%d",&today.year,&today.month,&today.day);

if(today.day!=numdays(today))
tomorrow.year=today.year;
tomorrow.month=today.month;
tomorrow.day=today.day+1;

else if(today.month==12)
tomorrow.year=today.year+1;
tomorrow.month=1;
tomorrow.day=1;

else
tomorrow.year=today.year;
tomorrow.month=today.month+1;
tomorrow.day=1;

printf("tomorrow is:%d,%d,%d\n\",
tomorrow.year,tomorrow.month,tomorrow.day);

设计一组测试用例,使该程序所有函数的语句覆盖率和分支覆盖率均能达到100%。如果认为该程序的语句或分支覆盖率无法达到100%.需说明为什么。