问题 综合题

阅读下列材料,回答相关问题(24分)

材料一 

(1)材料一中反映古代什么政治制度?请指出这一政治制度的作用(8分)

材料二 元朝大政委于中书省,今冀、晋、鲁、内蒙及河南的黄河以北地区称“腹里”,由中书省直辖。中书省也称都省,为全国行政中枢。总领各行省,又兼辖腹里。地方设行中书省,简称“行省”。元制,凡有重大军事,则遣中书省官员前往督之,其班底仿中书省建制,故称“行中书省”。《元史·地理志》中载:“自封建变为郡县,有天下者,汉唐宋为盛,然幅员之广,咸不逮元。”

(2)根据材料二指出元朝设置的中书省的主要职能是什么?元朝为什么实行行省制?(6分)

材料三 雍正年间,用兵西北……始设军需房于隆宗门内,选内阁中书之谨密者入直缮写。后名军机处。地近宫廷,便于宣召。为军机大臣者,皆亲臣重臣,于是承旨、出政皆在于此矣。

——赵翼《檐曝杂记》

(3)材料三中军机处的主要职能和作用分别是什么?军机处的设置反映中国古代政治制度怎样的发展趋势?(10分)

答案

(1)三省六部制。(2分)分工明确,提高了行政效率,减少了皇帝独断造成的决策失误;相权被分割,避免权臣独揽大权,有利于加强皇权。(6分)

(2)元朝的中书省是全国最高行政机构。(3分)原因:元朝是少数民族建立的统一王朝,实行行省制是为了对全国辽阔的疆域进行有效的统治。(3分)

(3)职能:迅速将笔录的皇帝旨意传达给中央各部门和地方大臣去执行。(3分)作用:使皇权得到进一步加强。提高了中央政府的行政效率。(4分)趋势:专制主义中央集权的不断强。(3分)

题目分析:(1)由材料一中的“中书省、门下省、尚书省”、“吏部、户部、礼部、兵部、刑部、工部”等信息可知是三省六部制。其作用主要从决策程序与结果、皇权巩固两个角度去分析即可,如分工明确,提高了行政效率,减少了皇帝独断造成的决策失误;相权被分割,避免权臣独揽大权,有利于加强皇权。

(2)由材料二中的“为全国行政中枢。总领各行省,又兼辖腹里”可知中书省的主要职能是全国最高行政机构。原因:由材料二中的“自封建变为郡县,有天下者,汉唐宋为盛,然幅员之广,咸不逮元”可知原因是元朝为少数民族建立的统一王朝,实行行省制是为了对全国辽阔的疆域进行有效的统治。

(3)职能:由材料三中的“承旨、出政皆在于此”可知其职能是迅速将笔录的皇帝旨意传达给中央各部门和地方大臣去执行。作用:应该从皇权加强和中央行政两个角度回答,如使皇权得到进一步加强。提高了中央政府的行政效率。趋势:军机处的设置是古代政治制度的重要组成部分,它反映的应该是古代的专制主义中央集权制度不断加强的趋势。

单项选择题
填空题

Part 4


Questions 26-45


·Read the following passage and decide which answer best fits each space.
·For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet.
Participation (26) high school sports is not a constitutional right. (27) , it is a privilege, paid for by taxpayers, open to students who promise to (28) certain conduct requirements on and off the field. One of these promises is to (29) from using drugs. Drug use is a serious problem among high school students. Studies show that as many as 500, 000 high school students use muscle-pumping, life-destroying substances such as steroids. Many more use illegal drugs, (30) cause discipline problems and (31) the stage for lifelong (32) .
Drug testing works to (33) and identify use. That is why drug testing is required to compete in the Olympics, the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the National Football League. (34) drug testing was instituted by these organizations, use of performance- (35) drugs has been greatly reduced. We should want (36) in schools.
Indeed, many athletes (37) testing programs, and no wonder. Without testing, athletes have to choose between drug use and a competitive disadvantage (38) the field.
Those who challenge the need for drug testing may be forgetting (39) it is like be an adolescent. Peer pressure is enormous, and one of the few effective counter-weights is the fear of being caught. More importantly, once drug use is (40) , a school can (41) to the student before he or she gets addicted or arrested.
For 25 years, public schools (42) by federal judges and civil libertarians, with results everyone can see. It is time (43) decisions on how to run public schools locally (44) officials. There is nothing unconstitutional about asking those who gain the advantages of school-sponsored athletics to contribute to the safety of other players, the integrity of the game and their own well-being. The Supreme Court should leave these programs (45) .

A.that

B.what

C.it

D.which