问题 综合题

人类文明政治的发展,离不开政治变革。阅读材料回答问题(24分)

材料一 郡举贤良,对策百余人,武帝善助对,由是独擢助为中大夫。后得朱买臣、吾丘寿王、司马相如……等,并在左右。……屡举贤良文学之士。公孙弘起徒步(平民),数年至丞相。开东阁,延贤人与谋议,朝觐奏事,因言国家便宜。上令助等与大臣辩论,……大臣数诎。                                           

——《汉书·严助传》       

材料二  近来京城内外风俗尚侈,不拘贵贱,概用织金宝石服饰…上下仿效,可以成风。

----《明宪宗实录》

材料三  材料当一个国家开始规定选举资格的时候,就可以预见总有一天要全部取消已做的规定,只是到来的时间有早有晚而已。

——据(法)托克维尔《论美国的民主》

回答问题

(1)据材料一,归纳汉武帝为削弱相权所采取的举措。(3分)

(2)据材料二,归纳明朝奢侈的现象。结合所学知识分析奢侈之风盛行的原因。(8分)

(3)据材料三近代以来,英美两国选举资格的规定有怎样的变化?(4分)结合史实,从政治、经济和思想文化等方面分析这些变化的原因。(9分)

答案

(1)任用贤良文学之士为身边近臣;让他们参与议政、奏事;令其诘难大臣。(3分)

(2)现象:不分贵贱,追求高消费。(2分)原因:手工业、商业繁荣;市民阶层扩大;理学思想受到冲击,人们追求物质享受。(6分)

(3)变化:英国不断降低财产要求,成年男子最终获得选举权。美国黑人从没有选举权到拥有选举权。英美两国妇女从没有选举权到拥有选举权。(4分)

原因:①政治方面:没有选举资格的人不断为争取选举权而斗争,如英国1832年议会改革的新兴资产阶级争取选举权; * * 运动中工人阶级争取普选权;黑人和妇女争取选举权等。②经济方面:资本主义经济的发展。③思想文化方面:启蒙运动和马列克思主义的影响。(9分)

题目分析:(1)本题考查中国古代政治制度——中枢权力机构的变迁。根据材料“郡举贤良,对策百余人,武帝善助对,由是独擢助为中大夫。后得朱买臣、吾丘寿王、司马相如……等,并在左右”“开东阁,廷贤人与谋议……与大臣辩论”等信息归纳措施。

(2)本题考查从材料中获取和解读信息、概括提炼问题的能力。结合材料一中 “不拘贵贱,上下仿效,习以成风”和材料二中 “率多侈靡, 揭(借)债不辞”信息概括归纳明朝奢侈的现象。根据所学知识,从明朝政治经济思想文化等方面来分析奢侈之风盛行的原因。

(3)第一问,回忆所学,可以从财产资格、性别资格、种族资格三个方面归纳。第二问考查学生调动和运用知识说明和证明历史现象和历史观点的能力,题目要求指向明确。关键是要注意结合史实,避免空发议论,违背了论从史出的史学要求。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Mr Turner liked fishing. It was his favorite sport. He often fished for hours without catching anything.

But this did not worry him. Some fishermen couldn't catch fish. Sometimes they caught old boots or rubbish.

Mr Turner was even worse than the fishermen. He never caught anything - not even old boots. After he spent

whole morning on the river, he always went home with an empty bag.

     "You must give up fishing!" his friends said, "It's a waste of time."

     "But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in

sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all. It can make me forget the noise of the city and live quietly for some

time." he always said to himself.

1. Mr Turner always went fishing because ________.

A. he could sell the fish and get some money

B. he thought it was a good sport

C. he could cook the fish for supper

D. he could sit in a boat

2. Mr Turner liked to fish ________.

A. by the river

B. in a boat on the river

C. in the river

D. with the fishermen

3. He always went home with an empty bag because ________.

A. he couldn't fish at all

B. there weren't any fish in the river

C. he gave the fish to the fishermen

D. he didn't pay attention to fishing at all

4. His friends told him ________ when they knew he couldn't catch anything.

A. to learn how to fish

B. to change the way of fishing

C. not to fish any more

D. to buy fish to eat

5. From the story we knew Mr Turner ________.

A. lived in the country

B. was a good fisherman

C. was interested in fishing

D. disliked the noise of the city

选择题