问题 多选题

越是高等的动物,在其全部行为活动中占比重也越大的是(  )

A.经验行为

B.学习行为

C.先天性行为

D.后天性行为

答案

先天性行为是指动物生来就有的,由动物体内的遗传物质所决定的行为,称为先天性行为,先天性行为是动物的一种本能行为,不会丧失.后天性行为是动物出生后通过学习得来的行为.动物建立后天性行为的主要方式是条件反射.参与神经中枢是大脑皮层不是与生俱来的而是动物在成长过程中,通过生活经验和“学习”逐渐建立起来的新的行为.动物通过后天的学习,大大地提高了适应复杂环境的学习能力. 学习是指动物在成长过程中,通过经验的影响,发生行为的改变或形成新行为的过程.动物学习能力的大小与其进化的程度成正相关,动物的种类越高等,学习能力就越强,后天性行为所占的比重就越大.学习行为即后天性行为.

故选:B、D

完形填空

阅读下面短文并回答问题,然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的字数要求)。

[1]Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of correct answers. That question is “What's your name?”. Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct. Have you ever wondered about people's names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?

[2]People's first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents ___________________. A boy could be named George Washington Smith;a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.

[3]Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”;Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.

[4]The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook (小溪); someone who was called Longstreet probably Lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.

[5]Other early surnames came from people's occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important  workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are:Carter—a person who owned or drove a cart;Potter—a person who made pots and pans. The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbours in their native village. The Carpenter's great­great­great­grandfather probably built houses and furniture.

[6]Sometimes_people_were_known_for_the_colour_of_their_hair_or_skin,or_their_size,or_their_special_abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.

[7]Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name. English­speaking people added ­s or ­son. The Johnsons are descendants of John;  the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert. Irish and  Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of  the MacDonnells and the McDonneils and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.

小题1:What is the best title of the passage? (no more than10 words)

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小题2:Please fill in the blank in the 2nd paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(no more than 10 words)

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小题3:According to the passage, what job did the ancestors of the Potter family most probably do?

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小题4:List three aspects that the surnames cover in the passage.

(1)___________ (2)___________ (3)___________

小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the 6th paragraph into Chinese.

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单项选择题