问题 单项选择题

在美国的许多城市,人们希望能呼吸到最清洁的空气,这种追求几乎达到了宗教般的狂热。为此,一些减少空气污染的新技术应运而生,可是谁也不曾想到,人们却为此不断付出巨大的代价。

1990年,美国的《洁净空气法规》强制空气质量差的地区在汽油中添加充氧剂等化学制品,从而减少一氧化碳和苯等有害气体的排放量。但是,现在发现,大多数常用的充氧剂如甲基叔丁基乙醚已从地下贮油箱中渗入地下水,并已污染了地下饮水源,使这一地区可能在几年内成为美国最严重的地下水污染区。科学家认为,水中即使有十亿分之几十的甲基叔丁基乙醚,也会对人的健康有严重影响,甚至可能会致癌。一些曾坚决反对运用这项技术的团体还认为,加油站的空气中这种充氧剂气体含量过高,会使人呼吸困难、头痛和眩晕,不仅加油站的人,就连路上的行人也会受到影响。

麻烦的事远不止这些。科学家们证实,这种化学物质具有很强的水溶性,对土壤几乎没有亲和力,同时它又是很难分解的寿命很长的物质。虽说甲基叔丁基乙醚见光可分解,但阳光很难进入土壤和地下水中。因此,它一旦进入地下水中,人们就很难将它“请”出来,而它渗入到更深水层的可能性则是不可避免的了。美国政府有关部门也采取了一些措施,如关闭受污染的水井,断绝受污染的水源,设法从受污染区外部调水,当然,解决这些问题所需要的资金数量是巨大的。还有一个办法是通过改进贮油箱来减少含有有害物质的汽油的泄露,但这仍不能解决已经发生的水源污染问题。

目前,美国的科学家们正在制定一个从水源中清除这种有害物质的计划,他们试图把从土壤中分离出来的被称作PM1的细菌注入受污染的地下水中。据说,PM1可以在较短的时间内吸收较大剂量的甲基叔丁基乙醚。科学家们同时坦率地说,这项在受污染的土壤和水的试样中已经获得成功的试验,在清洁地下水的具体应用中,还没有让人信服的实例。看来,这种“按下葫芦起来瓢”的情况,在环境保护问题上是值得注意的。

对人体健康有严重影响的甲基叔丁基乙醚的泄露会造成地下饮水源污染,其根本原因是()

A.进入地下水,就很难“请”出来

B.即使很少的含量,也会有害人体

C.在没有阳光的条件下,很难分解

D.水溶性强,不亲合土壤,难分解

答案

参考答案:D

多项选择题
单项选择题

Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.
"The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance ; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.
The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.

A statement made or implied in the passage is that ______.
A. attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoods
B. a child can develop in the classroom an attitude about the importance of brushing his teeth
C. attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures
D. the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced primarily by their teachers

Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities) , science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom... these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.
However. when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.
To illustrate, first grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.
Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.