阅读下面的文字，完成下面题目

文化遗产问题    张中行

前面介绍文言部分曾说，我国的文化遗产，绝大部分是用文言记录下来的，文言有功，有许多优点值得保留，享用。可是继承，享用，先要学会它。不管《资治通鉴》《全唐诗》价值多高，你不会文言，就只好望书兴叹。可是，如上一节所说，学的人和会的人越来越少，这就出现无法调和的冲突，葡萄好吃，可是架太高，够不着。已经有不少人设想，应该培养少数专业（比如称为古典专业）人员，由他们负责，用翻译、介绍的办法，把应该继承、享用的传递给不会文言的大众。这可以慰情聊胜无，但困难不少。首先是培养哪些人。这像是容易决定，培养适于学古典的。可是，怎么能知道哪些青少年适于学古典呢？这就不能不先考虑自愿的原则，可是这样一来，就不得不让更多的人先尝尝古典，也就是学文言。这在现在是正在实行（学生的语文课里有文言），将来行得通吗？其次，把责任交给少数学古典的，传递，自然就遇到传递什么和怎样传递的问题。比如说，《资治通鉴》值得传递，还勉强能够传递（也难免隔靴搔痒），《全唐诗》就太难了。继承、享用，将来占主要地位的恐怕是文学作品的欣赏，而这偏偏像看电影一样，只看情节说明不成，要亲眼看银幕。其三是遗产种多量大，传递，不是少数人所能胜任。考虑到这些情况，在不很久的将来，妥善的办法恐怕仍是脚踩两只船，一只船是让有条件学并喜欢学的人有学会的机会，一只船是培养不太少的专业人员，整理介绍。两只船，由理想方面说，最好是以自学为主力，专业为辅助；如果事实上做不到，那就只好倒过来，以专业为主力，以自学为辅助。这都是说不很久的将来；至于很久的将来，那会牵涉到汉字存废的问题，古典文献重要性变化的问题，只能由那时候的人去考虑去处理了。

现代语从文言里吸收营养是个非常复杂的问题。过去这样做过，而且量相当大，如成语是显而易见的，“作者”、“作风”之类不显而易见，其实也是。还有不少先例。就文体说，最突出的是戏曲的曲词，几乎把文言的所有花样都拿来应用了。就人说，举一位近的，如鲁迅，如果他不熟悉古典，杂文就不会写成这种韵味。这不是说他就写不好，而是说不是这种韵味，这韵味，有一部分是从古典来的。不过鲁迅的文笔也给我们一种启示。是学通了才能够吸收，或者说得更确切些，是必须兼通今古，才能把文言的优点“化”入现代语；不然，如现在报刊上有时会出现的擦脂抹粉的文章，从文言里搜寻一些熟套硬往现代语里塞，成为非驴非马，那就想求好而适得其反了。通，先要学。可是现在的趋势是学的人越来越少，将来是一般人与文言成为路人，认识尚且谈不到，更不用说取其所长了。因此，至少我这样看，今后的现代语，想再从文言那里吸收什么营养，是几乎不可能了。

比文言年轻得多的是唐宋以来的白话，其中有不少，如《水浒传》《红楼梦》等等，我们还在看，能不能从那里学点什么？很难说，因为这不象科技，引进新的，看得见，摸得着，立竿见影。据我所知，近年来有些写小说的人曾从那里寻得一些乖巧，有少数甚至心摹手追。可是写小说的终归是少数，比如写论文，写记事文，写抒情文，也能从其中吸取点什么吗？理论上当然可以，或说应该，因为那时期的白话，至少有一点是值得我们学习或深思的，就是追随口语，求通俗流畅。我们现在的不少文章不是这样，能够对比，想想，也许会有些好处。

小题1:

这篇文章中巧妙地运用了比喻，请说明下面3个比喻所表达的作者的意思。

①“葡萄好吃，可是架太高，够不着”这个比喻说明：__________________。

②“也难免隔靴搔痒”这个比喻说明：__________________。

③“像看电影一样，只看情节说明不成，要亲眼看银幕”这个比喻说明：_____________________。（每项均不超过20个字）

小题2:

．作者举鲁迅先生为例，就从文言里吸收营养问题阐明了两点看法，分别是：

①______________________________________________________。

②______________________________________________________。

小题3:

这篇文章是谈古诗文的，但也间接地批评了现代文的一些缺点，这些缺点是：

①______________________________________________________。

②______________________________________________________。

Last year, one group of students in Taiwan did just that. They took chances-and ended up in jail. More than 20 students paid a cram school owner to help them cheat on Taiwan’s entrance exam, according to police. The students received answers to test questions through cell phones and other electronic devices. Taiwan isn’t the only place in Asia to see major cheating scandals. In both India and South Korea, college entrance exams have been stolen and sold to students.

Academic cheating has risen dramatically over the last decade. Duke University conducted a survey of 50,000 university and 18,000 high school students in America. More than 70 percent of the students admitted cheating. Just 10 years earlier, only 56 percent said they had cheated. This trend extends far beyond the U. S., too. In Asia, where students face intense pressure to excel, the cheating problem is especially pronounced. In many Asian countries, a student’s performance is measured mostly by exam scores. And admission to a top school depends on acing standardized tests. This test-driven culture makes cheating an easy way for students to get ahead in a super-competitive academic system.

But the pressure to perform well on tests isn’t the only thing turning students into cheaters. For one, new technology makes cheating easier than ever. Students now have more sophisticated options than just "cheat sheets" hidden in pencil boxes. Today’s tech-smart students use text-messaging to discreetly send each other test answers. They post questions from standardized tests on internet bulletin boards. Students in Asia, for example, have posted questions from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE).

Deeper issues than technology and testing, however, may be leading to the rise in academic dishonesty. Both students and educators say that society offers too many negative role models. Businesspeople make millions and scientists eam intemational acclaim by cheating and lying. The case of Korean scientist Hwang Woo Suk offers one powerful example. He faked the results of his stem cell research and became a national hero. From many sectors of society, the message to students is loud and clear: Cheating is an easy way to get ahead.

Victoria Lin, a high school teacher in Taichung, says educators must begin to stress integrity as well as achievement in academics. That’s what she tries to instill in her students. "I always tell my students, ’How much is your character worth 100 points 90 points’" Jerry Chang, a student at Taiwan’s Oriental Institute of Technology, also has words of advice for classmates he sees cheating. "When you cheat on exams, you only cheat yourself," he says, "because you won’t know how much you’ve really learned.

What does the word "acing" most probably mean（）

A. Extraordinarily good.

B. Hardly satisfactory

C.Barely passing

D.Middling