阅读文段，回答问题。

 　　与此同时，王富洲、屈银华和贡布，正在苍茫的夜色中步履艰难地向前移动着。脚下的雪坡变得愈来愈陡，也愈来愈滑。他们翻过两座石岩以后，又登上了一座雪坡。藏族队员贡布在前面开路，不到几分钟就累得连腰也直不起来。于是，屈银华上前开路，他经过很长时间才前进了两三步，但两腿一软，又滑回到原来的地方。最后，王富洲走到前面，他坚持为大家开出一条前进的道路。 　

　　夜色浓重，珠穆朗玛峰山岭间朦胧一片，只有顶峰还露出隐约的轮廓。王富洲、屈银华和贡布三人匍匐在地上，依靠着星光和反照的雪光辨认路途，每前进一步都要付出巨大努力。 　　

　　夜更深沉，山上山下到处是一片漆黑，只有点点星光在空中闪耀。珠穆朗玛顶峰的黑影在他们面前开始变得非常低矮了。 　　

　　到达8830米左右的地方，王富洲、屈银华和贡布三人的氧气已经全部用完。但这时风也渐渐变小了，这对攀上顶峰十分有利。他们站在岩坡上沉默了片刻。王富洲首先开口说：“同志们，我们三个人现在担负着攻克主峰的任务。氧气没有了，继续前进虽然可能发生危险。但是我们能后退吗？”

1．三位登山运动员依次到前面开道，表现了他们怎样的精神？

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2．第二、三段画线句环境描写有什么作用？

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3．“但是我们能后退吗？”一句用了什么修辞手法，表现了王富洲他们怎样的精神风貌？

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阅读理解。

     Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage.

Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.

     For many years, parties have been an important social event. When 25 people or more gather at a certain

location in order to have fun and engage in conversation, it can be considered a party. Parties usually have

different drinks and food choices, and music is a large part of the event, very often.

     Birthday parties are held in honor of an individual who is having a birthday, and presents and gifts are

usually brought by attendees (出席者).The song "Happy Birthday to You" is very often sung by partygoers

for the person who is having a birthday.

      There are different kinds of Birthday parties. Adults may have birthday parties in restaurants or nightclubs, while children usually have parties at home or at funhouses. Sometimes children may have parties at water

parks or amusement parks, as well.

     Birthday parties may also happen in the manner of a surprise party, where the person having a birthday is

not told about the birthday preparations. Surprise parties include guests hiding in a location where the party is

to take place, then shouting"surprise!" when the guest of honor enters.

     Sporting event parties usually take place around a specific sports happening, such as the Super Bowl, the

World Cup or the World Series. People gather and eat, drink, and laugh as they talk about the happenings of

the games within that sporting event. These types of parties are very lively and usually loud.

     Nightly socialization parties include house parties and dance parties. House parties sometimes are held by

teenagers and young adults of college age in a set location; private houses are often the location of choice.

People who manage the music are hired to provide musical entertainment. Usually alcohol is included, resulting

in trouble for the attendants of the party.

     Dance parties include energetic music like disco or pop. People gather at these parties to dance, drink, and

have a good time. Usually people at these parities will be of younger ages between 18-28.