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问题 单项选择题

合金铸铁堆焊金属依不同的成分和堆焊层的金相组织，可分为：马氏体合金铸铁、高铬合金铸铁和( )合金铸铁等三大类。

A．奥氐体

B．珠光体

C．铁素体

D．索氏体

答案

参考答案：A

多项选择题

关于我国的民族区域自治制度，下列说法正确的是( )。

A．民族自治地方的自治机关包括自治地方的人民代表大会、人民政府和司法机关

B．民族自治地方的人民代表大会常务委员会主任应当由实行区域自治的民族的公民担任

C．自治区 * * 、自治州州长、自治县县长由实行区域自治的民族的公民担任

D．自治州、自治县的自治条例报省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会批准后生效，并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会和国务院备案
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单项选择题

Passage Three


Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work
The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work,young people and old people were excluded—a problem now,as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change.
The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal crea- ting jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.

What is the main idea of the passage

A．Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.

B．Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.

C．The industrial age may now be coming to an end.

D．Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment.
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