问题 单项选择题

评论家:现存宇宙中的道德秩序,也就是善恶终有报的秩序,依赖于人类灵魂的不朽。在有些文化中,这种道德秩序被认为是一种控制一个人如何再生的因果报应的结果,换句话说它起因于上帝的行动,上帝在人们死后赋予他们正义。但是,不管道德秩序被怎样地体现,如果人类的灵魂是不朽的,坏人就一定会受到惩罚。
下面哪一点最准确地叙述了评论家的推理缺陷

A.文中论述从某事物对道德秩序是必要的,推论出那件事物是道德秩序的某一要素得以实现的充分条件。

B.文中论述把纯粹的信仰当作确定的事实。

C.根据人类灵魂的不朽暗示着宇宙中存在着一种道德秩序的声明,文中论述推论出宇宙中道德秩序的存在暗示着人类灵魂的不朽。

D.文中论述把两种完全不同的道德秩序概念看成本质上是一样的道德秩序概念。

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 现存宇宙中的道德秩序,也就是善恶终有报的秩序,依赖于人类灵魂的不朽。说明了人类灵魂的不朽是善恶终有报的秩序的必要条件;如果人类的灵魂是不朽的,坏人就一定会受到惩罚,说明了人类灵魂的不朽是善恶终有报的秩序的充分条件。A选项最准确地指出了评论家的推理缺陷:从某物对道德秩序是必要的,推论出那件事物是道德秩序的某一要素得以实现的充分条件。所以A选项正确。其余选项均不正确。

填空题

When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He (1) severely crippled and very short, and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm (2) balance, people would stare. I would inwardly be afraid (3) squirm at the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let (4) .
It was difficult to coordinate (5) steps - his halting, mine impatient - and because of that, we didn’t say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, "You (6) the pace. I will try to adjust to you. "
Our usual walk was to or (7) the subway, which was how he got to (8) . He went to work sick, and (9) nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would (10) it to the office even if (11) could not: a matter of pride!
He never talked about himself as an object of pity, (12) did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a "good heart", and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him.
Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard (13) which to judge people, even though I still don’t know precisely (14) a "good heart" is. But I know the times I don’t have one myself.
He has (15) gone many years now, but I think (16) him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our (17) . If he did, I am (18) I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am (19) of another’s good fortune, when I don’t have a "good heart".
At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my (20) , and say, "You set the pace, I will try to adjust to you.\

单项选择题