问题 选择题

在宗法观念盛行的封建社会,姓氏也有贵贱之分。“赵”姓并不是中国最大的姓氏,但在中国民间流传最广的《百家姓》版本中却排序第一,“赵钱孙李,周吴郑王”的顺序家喻户晓。由此可推断出该版本的《百家姓》成书于哪一朝代?[ ]

A.西周

B.唐朝

C.北宋

D.明朝

答案

答案:C

单项选择题

脑动脉瘤,医生把它形象地比喻为“颅内炸弹”,因为脑动脉瘤患者常常因突然颅内出血导致残疾或死亡。

各种因素引起的血压突然增高,是诱发脑动脉瘤破裂的主要原因,所以,过去预防脑动脉瘤破裂,常常从防治血压升高人手。在一张人脑动脉示意图上可以看到,颅底动脉环是脑动脉瘤的高发病区。

为什么人会产生脑动脉瘤脑动脉瘤为什么容易破裂多年的临床手术,得到了大量脑动脉瘤病体组织,对它们进行研究,科研人员发现:“在动脉瘤壁上有一种特殊的物质,通过分子水平的研究实验,发现是一种免疫酶,我们可以推断动脉瘤的发生、破裂是和免疫有关的。

免疫包括细胞免疫和体液免疫。免疫反应往往对人自身有保护作用,但有时免疫反应对人体自身也有害,免疫细胞会杀死外来有害细菌,同时也会杀死与这些细菌相结合的人类的正常细胞。还有一种情况,免疫细胞会杀死自己不认识的人类的正常细胞。这样可能导致自身免疫性疾病,如风湿病、肾炎。人类脑动脉瘤的发生和破裂也与免疫反应有关。

研究人员对这种(囊性)脑动脉瘤组织进行分子生物学实验,发现在脑动脉瘤壁上有大量免疫细胞聚集,免疫细胞可以产生一些破坏脑动脉壁的生物酶,正是这类酶可以使脑动脉的强度下降、鼓出,形成了脑动脉瘤。在鼓出部位,也就是在脑动脉瘤处,随着免疫反应的增加和生物酶作用的增强,免疫细胞破坏了脑动脉内膜的弹力纤维和中膜的胶原纤维,弹力纤维被破坏后易破裂,使脑动脉瘤的壁越来越薄,最后导致脑动脉瘤破裂。

正确认识发病机理是有效防治疾病的关键。北京天坛医院神经外科的这一研究成果,开拓了防治脑动脉瘤疾病的新方向。控制脑动脉瘤的发生、发展和破裂,对最终解除“颅内炸弹”,拯救患者生命,有着重要现实意义。控制破坏性免疫反应,提高相关生物酶的作用是最终控制“颅内炸弹”的重要措施。

对免疫的认识,不正确的一项是()。

A.免疫包括细胞免疫和体液免疫

B.免疫细胞在杀死外来有害细菌的同时也会杀死与这些细菌结合的人类的正常细胞

C.免疫细胞杀死自己不认识的人类正常细胞,就会导致免疫性疾病

D.免疫反应对人自身有害

阅读理解

Ever wondered why some businesses fail and others seem to go from strength to strength(越来越兴旺发达)? One of the major reasons for success or failure in any business is the choice of location. The ABS can be of great help in choosing the most likely place to set up your business. Whether it’s simple or a complex business.

Case study one

A Sydney doctor specializing pediatrics(小儿科) was hoping to set up a practice outside the metropolitan area, probably on the northern coast of New South Wales. He was unsure of the best place in this region and came to the ABS for help. The ABS was able to put together a report containing details of the proportion of the children in particular areas, along with information on regions with the highest birth rates. This enabled the doctor to work out where future demand for his services would be.

Case study two

A suburban retailer(零售商)in Perth owned a shoe store which stocked a wide range of shoes for men, women and children. There had been an increase in the number of similar shoe stores in the suburban shopping center and the owner wanted to assess the possibility of switching to selling imported shoes and handbags for women only. In order to ensure whether there was a market for these products, the retailer needed to obtain details of income by age, sex, and occupation for all the women in the city of Perth. Using information from the 1996 Census(普查)of Population and Housing, the ABS was able to provide this type of information in a detailed report. With the information, the retailer was able to believe that there were enough professional working women in the area with middle to high incomes, which makes his business possible.

1. What information did the Sydney doctor get from the ABS about the northern coast of New South Wales?

A. The number of medical practices there.

B. The detailed information about the children.

C. Its present and future economic situations.

D. The ideal place to start a practice there.

2. The retailer wanted to switch to selling imported shoes and handbags for women because________.

A. there were more and more working women

B. he wanted to enlarge the original store

C. there were more and more shoe stores

D. imported products were popular

3. What does the ABS do for its customers?

A. Doing research work in the fields.

B. Suggesting the most potential market.

C. Providing considerable amounts of data.

D. Predicting the possible consumer goods.

4. This passage is most probably a(n) _____________.

A. handout for management           B. income report

C. advertisement                   D. plan for a project