问题 探究题

(9分)李军同学在做“蚯蚓走T形迷宫”实验中,用粗糙纸壳剪成“T”形迷宫,在迷宫一臂安上电极,而另一臂是有食物的潮湿暗室,在实验过程中,老师经常让李军用浸水的湿棉轻擦蚯蚓的体表,蚯蚓要经过大约200次尝试,遭受许多次轻微的点击才学会直接爬向潮湿的暗室。回答下列问题:

(1)观察蚯蚓的外形特征,会发现它的身体是由许多彼此相似的环状结构构成的,这些环状结构是             ,其中,有一个宽度最大,颜色较浅且又光滑的环状结构叫做           ,它靠近蚯蚓身体的      端。因此,可以借此来判断蚯蚓的前后端。

(2)用手指来回触摸蚯蚓的腹部,可以感觉到有一些粗糙不平的小突起,它们是          ,这些小突起能在        的协调配合下,使身体蠕动。

(3)为什么“T”形迷宫使用粗糙纸壳,而不用光滑的玻璃板?

                                           

(4)在实验过程中,要用浸水的湿棉球轻擦蚯蚓的体表是为了使其体表保持湿润,这样有利于蚯蚓进行                  ,否则蚯蚓可能会死亡。

(5)蚯蚓经常大约200次尝试,遭受了许多次轻微的点击最后直接爬向潮湿的暗室,说明蚯蚓具有       能力,这种能力比公鸡          。(填“强”或“弱”)

答案

(1)体节;环带;前。

(2)刚毛;肌肉;(3)在光滑的玻璃板上,刚毛对身体无法起到支持的作用;

(4)呼吸。

(5)学习;弱。(填“强”或“弱”)

分析:蚯蚓属于环节动物,有许多相似的环状体节构成,用体壁进行呼吸.

解答:解:(1)蚯蚓的身体由许多相似的环状结构组成,每一环状结构就是一个体节;环带靠近身体的前端,颜色较浅,腹面上没有刚毛.

(2)蚯蚓身体的腹面上有刚毛,依靠肌肉的舒缩和刚毛的配合,向前运动.

(3)在粗糙的纸上,蚯蚓的刚毛能够钉入,也就能够运动;在光滑的玻璃板上,刚毛无法钉入,蚯蚓不能运动.

(4)蚯蚓用体壁呼吸,体壁必须经常保持湿润;否则,蚯蚓就不能呼吸.

(5)通过蚯蚓走迷宫实验,说明蚯蚓具有一定的学习能力;由于蚯蚓的神经系统比鸡的神经系统简单得多,因此蚯蚓的学习能力比公鸡弱.

故答案为:

(1)体节;环带;前

(2)刚毛;肌肉;(3)在光滑的玻璃板上,刚毛无法钉入,不能运动

(4)呼吸

(5)学习;弱

完形填空

There was a blind girl who hated herself because she was blind. In fact, she 16  everyone, except her loving boyfriend who was  17 there for her. She used to tell her boyfriend, “If I could only see the   18  , I would marry you.”

One day, someone donated (捐赠) a pair of   19   to her. When the bandages came off, she was able to see everything,   20   her boyfriend for the first time. He asked her, “   21    you can see the world, will you  22   me?” The girl looked at her boyfriend and saw that he was  23 . The sight of his closed eyelids shocked her. She hadn’t  24  that. The thought of looking at them for the rest of her life led her to   25  to marry him.

Her boyfriend left   26  and a few days later wrote a note to her,   27 : “Take good care of your eyes, my dear, for   28  they are yours, they were mine.”

This is how the human brain often  29  when our status (地位) changes. Only a very few remember what   30  was like before. Life is a gift. Today before you say a(n)   31  word, think of someone who can’t speak. Before you complain about the   32   of your food, think of someone who has 33  to eat. Before you complain about life, think of someone who went to heaven too early. Before you complain about your old house, think of the people who are   34   in the streets. And when you are tired and complain about your job, think of the   35 . So enjoy what you have and don’t forget your past.

小题1:

A.liked

B.respected

C.disliked

D.thanked小题2:

A.always

B.sometimes

C.seldom

D.never小题3:

A.sight

B.world

C.earth

D.people小题4:

A.shoes

B.glasses

C.trousers

D.eyes小题5:

A.including

B.containing

C.wishing

D.joining小题6:

A.Even if

B.Now that

C.As if

D.In case小题7:

A.follow

B.love

C.marry

D.see小题8:

A.ugly

B.sick

C.short

D.blind小题9:

A.expected

B.hoped

C.asked

D.noticed小题10:

A.decide

B.agree

C.refuse

D.hate小题11:

A.in a hurry

B.without delay

C.with doubt

D.in tears小题12:

A.explaining

B.saying

C.replying

D.announcing小题13:

A.before

B.after

C.once

D.since小题14:

A.stops

B.improves

C.stays

D.works小题15:

A.mind

B.happiness

C.position

D.life小题16:

A.important

B.unkind

C.wise

D.ridiculous小题17:

A.taste

B.price

C.nutrition

D.fat小题18:

A.something

B.everything

C.nothing

D.anything 小题19:

A.wandering

B.living

C.walking

D.working小题20:

A.admired

B.interviewed

C.unemployed

D.satisfied

名词解释