在数据管理技术发展过程中，文件系统与数据库系统的主要区别是数据库系统具有______。
A．数据无冗余
B．数据可共享
C．专门的数据管理软件
D．特定的数据模型
参考答案：D
解析：[知识点] 数据库系统的基本特点
[评析] 在文件系统中，相互独立的记录其内部结构的最简单形式是等长同格式记录的集合，易造成存储空间大量浪费，不方便使用。而在数据库系统中，数据是结构化的，这种结构化要求在描述数据时不仅描述数据本身，还要描述数据间的关系，这正是通过采用特定的数据模型来实现的。
Passage Two
| Britain’s emissions of greenhouse gases, blamed by many scientists for contributing to global warming, have fallen by 14 percent since 1990, according to the latest government report. British lakes and rivers are also on the road to recovery from acid rain poisoning, following successful curbs to air pollution from cars and heavy industry. The report by the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) attributed the drop in greenhouse gas emissions to several factors including: the introduction of catalytic converters on cars, a move toward low sulphur and lead-free petrol and a switch to gas from coal and oil in power generation. Environment Minister Michael Meacher said the downward trend was welcome, but warned of complacency. "Even though these figures are encouraging, we must not be complacent. There are still significant problems where we need to do more, for example, to further reduce greenhouse gases and harmful pollutants (污染物) such as ammonia and particulate matter," he said in a statement. The government has a target to cut greenhouse gases by 23 percent by 2010 on 1990 levels. This is almost double the target of 12.5 percent to which the UK is committed under the Kyoto Protocol and there are signs that emissions are rising as generators return to using coal-fired power stations in the face of rising natural gas prices. The Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) said substantial curbs on sulphur dioxide emissions across the UK and Europe had cut acid rain by half over the last 12 years. "Damaged freshwater lakes and streams are showing signs of recovery," it said. But DEFRA warned of a new threat. "Nitrogen oxides and ammonia are the main air pollutants that must be tackled to stop future damage. " The bulk of Britain’s ammonia emissions come from farm animal manure (粪肥), causing over-enrichment of land and waterways, said the report. Certain species rampage unchecked through this ultra-fertile environment, smothering the slower growing plants beneath them and choking streams and rivers. Nitrogen oxides enter the atmosphere from car exhausts and industry, creating health-damaging ozone and contributing to acid rain. |
According to the passage, Britain has achieved success in all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A．reducing emissions of greenhouse gases
B．recovering lakes and rivers from pollution
C．preventing acid rain from falling
D．curbing air pollution from cars and heavy industry