问题 单项选择题

某个负责PH高新企业园区网络工程建设的项目经理,正在估算该项目的成本,但尚未掌握项目的全部细节。项目经理应该首先采用的成本估算方法是 (58)

A.资源单价法

B.自下而上估算法

C.蒙特卡罗分析

D.类比估算法

答案

参考答案:D

解析:[要点解析] 类比估算法、自下而上估算法、资源单价法、利用计算机工具、意外事件的估算、质量成本和蒙特卡罗分析等是成本估算的工具与技术。其中,类比估算法又称为“自上而下估算法”。这种方法的基本操作步骤是:首先,项目的上层管理人员收集以往类似项目的有关历史资料;其次,会同有关成本专家对当前项目的总成本进行估算;再次,将估算结果按照项目工作分解结构图的层次传递给相邻的下一层管理人员,在此基础上,他们对自己所负责的工作和活动的成本进行估计;最后,继续向下一层管理人员传递他们的估算信息,直至项目基层人员。“类比估算”顾名思义是通过同以往类似项目相类比而得出的估算,为了使这种方法更为可靠和实用,进行类比的以往项目不仅在形式上要与新项目类似,而且在实质上也要非常趋同。这种方法的优点是简单易行、花费少,尤其是当项目的详细资料难以得到时,此方法是估算项目总成本的一种行之有效的办法。
自下而上法也叫工料清单法。这种成本估算方法是利用项目工作分解结构图,先由基层管理人员计算出每个工作单元的生产成本,再将各个工作单元的生产成本自下而上逐级累加,汇报给项目的高层管理者,最后由高层管理者汇总得出项目的总成本。采用这种方法进行成本估算,基层管理者是项目资源的直接使用者,因此由他们进行项目成本估算,得到的结果应该十分详细,而且比其他方式也更为准确。但是这种方法需要详细的WBS。
资源单价法是指估算单价的个人和准备资源的小组必须清楚了解资源的单价,然后对项目活动进行估计。如果不知道确切的单价,也要对单价进行估计,以完成成本的估算。
蒙特卡罗分析是一种分析技术,主要用在定量风险分析中,是将不确定性的影响因素细化为对项目产生影响的具体因子的模型。
综上所述,由于项目经理尚未掌握该网络工程建设项目的全部细节,因此选用类比估算法较好。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Most children now chat daily either online or through their mobile phones. They are connecting to a huge number of other children all over the world. Some are shy “in real life” but are confident to communicate with others online; others find support from people of their own age on relationship issues, or problems at home.

Sometimes the online world, just like the real world, can introduce problems, such as bullying or arguments. Going online is great fun, but there are also a few people who use the Internet for offensive(冒犯性的)or illegal aims. Children must be made aware(意识到的) of both the good things and the dangers.

To keep children safe your management must cover the family computer. Just as you decide which TV programs are suitable, you need to do the same for the websites and chat rooms your children visit. Remind your children that online friends are still strangers. Reminding them of the risks will keep them alert(警惕).

Computer studies are part of schoolwork now, so it’s likely that your children may know more than you do. We get left behind when it comes to the latest gadgets(小玩意)and the interactive areas of websites, like chat rooms and message boards, which are especially strange. The language of chat is strange to many parents, too. Chatters love to use abbreviations(缩写)such as: atb-all the best, bbfn-bye bye for now, cul8er-see you later, gr8-great, Idk-I don’t know, imbl-it must be love, kit-keep in touch, paw-parents are watching, lol-laugh out loud, xlnt-excellent!

It seems like another language, and it is!

小题1:The passage is meant for         .

A.children

B.parents

C.teachers

D.net bar owners小题2:Which of the following will the author probably agree with?

A.The Internet is no good for children.

B.The chat language is strange to adults.

C.Children shouldn’t chat so much online.

D.The Internet is a good place for children.小题3:In order to keep children safe online, you’d better         .

A.choose suitable websites and chat rooms for them

B.teach them to use correct net words

C.surf the Internet together with them

D.forbid them to use the Internet小题4:If you stand beside him when your son is chatting about something secret online, he may use         .

A.bbfn

B.lol

C.paw

D.cul8er