问题 单项选择题

下列关于清朝典卖制度的表述,正确的是( )。

A.清朝将典契的回赎期定为30年,否则视为卖契

B.清朝的典契须经过缴纳契税和过割赋税方能成立

C.对于房屋出典后的风险责任,清律规定由典主承担

D.清朝以是否可以回赎作为典契和卖契的区分标准

答案

参考答案:D

解析:[评析] 考查要点是清朝的典卖契约。根据乾隆十八年条例的规定,典与卖的区别表现在,凡为典契的,须在典契中注明回赎字样,凡为卖契的,须在卖契中注明永不回赎字样。对于乾隆十八年前的旧有契约,如果契约没有注明是否回赎字样的,三十年内可以回赎,或由典权人再向出典人支付一次“找价”,所有权归典权人;三十年以上的,尽管没有写明“绝卖”或注明回赎,不得再请求找价或回赎。可见,典与卖的重要的区别就是是否允许回赎。故D项表述正确。《户部则例》规定,典当契约约定的回赎年限不得超过十年,超过十年的,以买卖契约论,并交纳契税。故A项表述错误。不过要注意:宋朝对典卖契约的回赎期规定为三十年。清律规定,对于典当契约,无须经过官府加盖官印、缴纳契税和过割赋税。故B项表述错误。清律规定,出典的房屋失火焚烧,如果出典年限未满,由双方各出价一半合伙建造,典期延长三年,三年后出典人仍以原价回赎。如果出典人无力出资,由典权人出资建造,典期仍延长三年,三年后出典人按原典价的百分之一百四十回赎。相反,如果典权人无力出资,由出典人出资重建,则典期届满后,出典人按原典价的百分之六十回赎。双方均无力重建的,应将地基出卖,得价的三分之一归还出典人。可见,C项表述错误。

阅读理解与欣赏
阅读理解

Researches have shown that music has an important effect on one’s body and mind. In fact, there is a growing field of health care known as Music Therapy, which uses music to treat diseases. Even hospitals are beginning to use music therapy. This is not surprising, as music affects the body and mind in many powerful ways.

Researches have shown that quick music can make a person feel more alert (警觉的), while slow music can produce a calm, deep thinking state. Also, researches have found that music can change brainwave activity levels. This can help the brain to change speeds more easily on its own as needed, which means that music can bring lasting benefits to your state of mind, even after you’ve stopped listening.

Breathing and heart rate can also be influenced by music. This can mean slower breathing, slower heart rate, and a relaxing response. This is why music and music therapy can help reduce the damaging effects of long-term stress, greatly promoting not only relaxation, but health.

Music can also be used to bring about a more positive state of mind, by helping to keep worries away. Music has also been found to bring many other benefits, such as lowering blood pressure and reducing the risk of strokes among others. It is no surprise that so many people are considering music as an important tool to help the body become or stay healthy.

64. What can we know about music therapy?

A. It is a type of music.

B. It is a research about music.

C. It is a kind of disease affected by music.

D. It is a method of using music to help treat diseases.

65. According to the second paragraph, we can know that ______.

A. music with different speeds has different effects

B. quick music is not good for one’s health

C. slow music can help one think more slowly

D. music will have less benefit after one stops listening

66. The reason why music can help deal with stress is that ______.

A. it is used by many hospitals

B. it can help change brainwaves

C. it is beneficial to breathing and heart rate

D. it can bring a more positive state of mind

67. The passage is mainly about ______.

A. the importance of music therapy

B. the benefits music can bring to treat diseases

C. a research on the effect of music

D. the diseases music can help to treat