问题 单项选择题

下列各项中不符合成人特发性血小板减少性紫癜特征的是()

A.女性可以仅表现为月经过多

B.紫癜多出现于四肢

C.脾大,多超过肋下5cm

D.口腔黏膜血疱

E.牙龈出血

答案

参考答案:C

解析:

[解题思路] 诊断成人特发性血小板减少性紫搬时,应该脾不增大或仅轻度增大,即在肋下刚触及,绝不会是超过肋下5cm

[命题规律] 考查“ITP的临床表现”。必须掌握。

[知识拓展] 紫癜的特点及临床表现

(1)概念:由血管因素或血小板因素导致毛细血管通透性和脆性增加,出现自发性或轻微外伤后红细胞外溢于皮下的出血性疾病的主要临床表现。凝血机制障碍也可发生紫癜,但关节腔出血、肌肉血肿和内脏出血更为常见和重要。

(2)常见原因

(3)紫癜的特点

①紫癜:皮肤上出现的红色或暗红色斑点,压之不褪色,一般不高出皮肤表面。

②皮肤小红痣:虽然压之不褪色,但却高出皮肤表面且表面光亮。

③充血性皮疹:常见于传染病、皮肤病、药物及其他一些物质的过敏反应等,它是在皮疹的基础上发生的充血现象,常可高起皮肤表面,按压褪色。预后可有皮肤脱屑。

(4)伴随症状与体征

①出生后或幼年即有出血倾向:提示为先天性出血性疾病。

②成人发病:多考虑获得性出血性疾病。

③伴发热:应想到有败血症的可能。

④伴严重贫血或肝、脾、淋巴结肿大:应考虑血液系统疾病。

⑤伴黄疸:提示肝胆疾病及恶性组织细胞病。

⑥伴牙龈肿胀、出血和毛囊周围出血:提示维生素C缺乏性紫癜。

⑦唇、舌、鼻腔、面部、手指、手背等部位有毛细血管扩张:提示遗传性毛细血管扩张症。

⑧双下肢对称性紫癜伴荨麻疹:首先考虑过敏性紫癜。

⑨伴脾大:提示脾功能亢进。

⑩伴休克或其他部位广泛而严重出血:提示DIC。

(11)伴关节腔出血:提示血友病。

选择题
完形填空
完型填空。
     While in the army there was nothing I dislike so much as the map-reading course,for the simple reason
that I always feel   1   even with a map in my hand. For weeks I had   2   awake at night thinking of the   3  
 test I would have to face at the end of the course.   4   the evil day arrived. It was my responsibility to lead
a small band of soldiers back to camp from the middle of   5  . We were driven out in a(n)   6   lorry and left
in a ploughed field with   7   to get back to camp as quickly as possible.
     Well knowing my   8  , the soldiers smiled as they saw me looking at the map and they made all sorts of
helpful suggestions. I folded the map up, put it in my pocket, and said that we would   9   east. After walking
through the cornfield for over an hour we came to a wide stream. I looked at the map  10 . It seemed to be 
 11  with masses of thin blue lines. But Which  12  line was this steam? In despair, we sat down in the cool 
 13  and I feel 1ike  14  the map into the water. Fifteen minutes later, a boat passed and I asked the boatman
if he could give us a  15  to the nearest village. I  16  that we had been out for a walk and  17  got lost. The
boatman invited us on  18  and I felt  19  when he told me that he had helped hundreds of soldiers to pass their
map-reading test! Not long  20 , we got off that boat and, following the boatman's instructions, took a bus into
the village and get back to camp.
( )1.A. stupid    
( )2.A. suffered  
( )3.A. basic      
( )4.A. At last     
( )5.A. village    
( )6.A. closed    
( )7.A. suggestions 
( )8.A. weakness  
( )9.A. head      
( )10.A. gradually 
( )11.A. spread    
( )12.A. similar  
( )13.A. tent      
( )14.A. tearing  
( )15.A. lift      
( )16.A. declared  
( )17.A. altogether 
( )18.A. board    
( )19.A. afraid    
( )20.A. ago      
B. blind    
B. lain      
B. actual    
B. At once  
B. downtown  
B. advanced  
B. directions 
B. thought  
B. point    
B. therefore 
B. painted  
B. particular
B. shadow    
B. throwing
B. hand      
B. pretended     
B. almost    
B. boat      
B. foolish  
B. late      
C. puzzled    
C. slept      
C. practical  
C. As a result
C. nowhere    
C. ordinary  
C. information 
C. task      
C. march      
C. merely    
C. covered    
C. correct    
C. shore      
C. striking  
C. favor      
C. admitted  
C. possible  
C. purpose    
C. fortunate  
C. afterwards     
D. lost         
D. 1aid         
D. special      
D. After all    
D. forest       
D. damaged      
D. instructions              
D. strength     
D. guide        
D. again        
D. separated    
D. wonderful    
D. shade        
D. destroying   
D. service      
D. described    
D. somehow      
D. platform     
D. interested   
D. away