问题 单项选择题

在数据管理技术发展的三个阶段中,数据共享最好的是______。
A) 人工管理阶段 B) 文件系统阶段
C) 数据库系统阶段 D) 三个阶段相同

答案

参考答案:C

解析:[知识点] 数据库管理技术的发展特点
[评析] 数据库管理发展至今已经历了三个阶段:人工管理阶段、文件系统阶段和数据库系统阶段。
人工管理阶段的特点:数据不保存、数据不独立、数据不能共享、数据无结构,没有专门的数据管理软件。
文件系统阶段的特点:数据可以长期保存,有专门的数据管理软件——文件系统。但是数据独立性低,共享性差、冗余度大,数据记录内有结构,整体无结构。
数据库系统阶段的特点:数据结构化,数据独立性高,数据共享性高,冗余度小,易于扩充,数据库管理系统提供统一的数控制功能,包括数据安全性、完整性、并发控制和数据恢复功能。

完形填空

(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从下框的A---F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。

A. Focus on your relationaships.

B. Think about what to do next step.

C. Take good care of your body.

D. Try to avoid overthinking.

E. Set up a proper goal for yourself.

F. Practice acts of kindness.

Five Happiness Secrets For Tough Times

Sonja Lyubomirsky, an author, has researched the science of happiness for years.

Here are her tips to help you cope with a bad economy, and increase your bursts

of happiness throughout the day.

61. ________

“You could spend a lot of time thinking deeply,” says Lyubomirsky. “But that

just makes you feel even more pessimistic, more out of control, and effects your self

esteem. Your relationships will suffer and your job performance will suffer.”

Get rid of pessimism. One of the most effective ways to cope when things are

difficult is to adopt a positive thinking strategy. “What can I learn from this? Times

are tough, I’ve been furloughed at work, but I can spend more time with the kids,

adopt a new hobby, or learn a new set of skills.”

62. ________

Now more than ever we need each other to survive. Lyubomirsky found that doing

good things for friends, family, or strangers can make you happier. Think of practical,

everyday gestures that can make someone’s life a little bit easier. For example,

Lyubomirsky says, “Maybe now many of us can’t afford to take a cab to the airport, so

offer to give a friend a ride.”

63. ________

You don’t need an expert to tell you that relationships are critical to happiness.

Not being the bread-winner anymore or not being able to fulfill your kid’s needs can

weighh down hard on your family life. But the trick is to stop feeling guilty and focus

on caring for your loved ones.

“I was at a psychology conference where an expert was talking about the effects

of this economy on families and how parents can’t afford to buy their kids luxuries

like toys anymore,” says Lyubomirsky. “But what they don’t realize is that kids don’t

care about toys — what they care about is parents being grumpy and taking it out on

them.”

64. ________

“If you find a happy person you will find a project,” says Lyubomirsky. “Happy

people all have goals they care about.”

Commit yourself to a project – whether it is a business you want to start or a dance

you want to learn. But it’s also important to remember to be flexible in these times.

Don’t get frustrated if circumstances are stopping you from meeting your goals. Adopt

and change!

“If your spouse has lost their job you might have to change your goal,” says

Lyubomirsky. “Or you might have to learn a whole new skill for a new job.”

65. ________

When times are tough, it’s easy to get skip your regular workouts in favor of moping

in front of the TV and eating a bag of chips. Your thinking is “I have more important

things to worry about right now than looking good.”

But carve out a small part of your day to give your body some TLC. It will go a

long way in boosting your happiness. “Even if you can’t afford to go to the gym,”

Lyubomirsky says, “take time out to exercise at home.”

You don't need an expert to tell your that relationships are critical to happiness. Not

being the bread-winner anymore or not being able to fulfill your kid's needs can weigh

down hard on your family life. But the trick is to stop feeling guilty and focus on

bringing up your loved ones.

单项选择题