问题 单项选择题

利用需求跟踪能力链(traceability link)可以跟踪一个需求使用的全过程,也就是从初始需求到实现的前后生存期。需求跟踪能力链有4类,如下图所示:

其中的①和②分别是()。

A.客户需求、软件需求

B.软件需求、客户需求

C.客户需求、当前工作产品

D.软件需求、当前工作产品

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

[分析]: 本题考查需求管理方面的基础知识。

需求跟踪包括编制每个需求与系统元素之间的联系文档,这些元素包括别的需求、体系结构、其他设计部件、源代码模块、测试、帮助文件和文档等。跟踪能力信息使变更影响分析十分便利,有利于确认和评估实现某个建议的需求变更所必须的工作。

利用需求跟踪能力链(traceability link)可以跟踪一个需求使用的全过程,也就是从初始需求到实现的前后生存期。跟踪能力是优秀需求规格说明书的一个特征,为了实现跟踪能力,必须统一地标识出每一个需求,以便能明确地进行查阅。

需求跟踪能力链有4类(如下图所示),分别为:

客户需求向前追溯到软件需求。这样就能区分出开发过程中或者开发结束后,由于客户需求变更受到影响的软件需求,这也就可以确保软件需求规格说明包括了所有客户需求。.

从软件需求回溯响应的客户需求。这也就是确认每个软件需求的源头。如果使用实例的形式来描述客户需求,那么客户需求与软件需求之间的跟踪情况就是使用实例和功能性需求。

从软件需求向前追溯到下一级工作产品。由于开发过程中系统需求转变为软件需求、设计、编码等,所以通过定义单个需求和特定的产品元素之间的(联系)链,可以从需求向前追溯到下一级工作产品。这种联系链告诉我们每个需求对应的产品部件,从而确保产品部件满足每个需求。

从产品部件回溯到软件需求。说明了每个部件存在的原因。如果不能把设计元素、代码段或测试回溯到一个需求,可能存在“画蛇添足”的程序。然而,如果这些孤立的元素表明了一个正当的功能,则说明需求规格说明书漏掉了一项需求。

单项选择题
阅读理解

It can greet people, show DVDs and hand out balloons. “Ubiko”, a robot-on –wheels with a catlike face, is joining the crew of temporary workers supplied by a Japanese job-referral company, Ubiquitous Exchange, to stores, events and even weddings. Next month, the 44-inch tall robot will be selling mobile phones at a store.

Ubiko can be hired as a temporary worker for two hours for 105,000 yen, or $890.

“We see this as serious business. There are jobs that robots are better at,” Akiko Sakurai said “people do develop a relation with the robot, and it’s lovable.”

The $255,000 robot, which is equipped with a camera and sensors, greets customers with a nasal electronic voice, shows DVDs with a projector in its head and hands out balloons and other goods with wireless remote-controllable arms.

Ubiko sounds like a Japanese female name, which often ends with “ko”.

Tmsuk, the Japanese company that makes the robot, sold three last month to hospital, where they are working as full-time, rather than temporary, receptionists and guides. One of the hospital’s robots serves as a receptionist and has been programmed to greet visitors. It also has a touch-panel(控制板) on its body, and visitors can use it to get directions for where they want to go. 

“Just give it electricity, and a robot can work for long hours, even do repetitive work, and you don’t have to worry about labor laws,” Sudo said.

Japan’s lower birth rate means that in the coming years it could face a labor shortage, and some experts believe robots could be part of the key to that problem. Robots are very popular in Japan partly because of the popularity of cartoons that describe robots as friends and assistants to humans.

小题1:The news report is mainly to _________________.

A.give praise to advanced robots in Japan

B.introduce the development of robots in Japan

C.tell readers the advantage of the robots in Japan

D.introduce a newly-developed robot in Japan小题2:We can learn from the passage that ____________.

A.the price of Ubiko is $890

B.the purpose for a store to buy the robot is to greet customers

C.Ubiko can work for long hours without using energy

D.three robots have been sold to a hospital小题3:Which of the following can be inferred about Ubiko according to the passage?

A.It sounds beautiful, like a girl’s voice.

B.It is named after a Japanese girl.

C.It will have a wider market.

D.It was designed for hospitals.小题4:Which of the following makes robots more popular in Japan?

A.The low price of robots.

B.The interesting shapes of robots.

C.The function of showing DVDs and handing out balloons.

D.Cartoon’s showing good relationship between robots and humans.小题5:Which of the following about Ubiko is NOT true?

A.It has a face of female.

B.There is a projector in its head.

C.It is equipped with a camera and sensors.

D.It has wireless remote-controllable arms.