问题 材料题

阅读下列材料

       材料一 1975年在湖北云梦县睡虎地出土的竹简,第一次提供了自秦孝公至秦始皇时期陆续修成的秦律的部分内容……律文中对农田水利、山林保护、牛马饲养、国家粮食的贮存发放、货币流通、市场管理、工程兴建、徭役征发、刑徒监管、官吏任免、军爵赏赐等各方面,都有许多严格具体的规定……秦律规定“盗徙封,赎耐”,即私自移动田界,要判处耐罪,可赎。严禁对私有土地的侵犯……“盗”采别人桑叶不满一钱者,也要判处30天劳役。律文中所见到的刑名计有斩首、磔(断裂肢体)、弃市、斩左趾、鋈(钛足)、黥(割鼻)、城旦舂(男子输边筑城,女子舂米,均为四年以上徒刑)等。——摘自詹子庆《中国古代史》

       材料二 在《田律》、《徭律》、《工律》、《工人程》、《金布律》、《关市律》等律中,对劳动人民缴纳田税、赋税、服徭役以及手工业生产和商业贸易活动都有明确规定和限制,违反者处以严厉的刑罚……秦法对“宦大夫”等地主阶级、“隶臣妾”等被压迫阶级的身份、地位以及户籍等都有明确的规定,不得任意变更。

——摘自林明剑《秦史稿》

       材料三 秦始皇统一六国以后,以秦律为基础,参照六国律,制定了全境通行的法律。秦律经过汉朝的损益,成为唐以前历代法律的蓝本。摘自《中国大百科全书·中国历史·秦汉史》材料四 至于秦始皇,兼吞战国,遂毁先王之法,灭礼谊之官,专任刑罚,躬操文墨,昼断狱,夜理书,自程决事,日县石之一。而 * * 邪并生,赭衣(指刑徒)塞路,囹圄成市,天下愁怨,溃而叛之。——摘自《汉书·刑法志》

回答:

①根据材料,归纳秦律在社会政治经济生活中的具体职能。

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②根据材料,概括秦律的特点。

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③结合所学知识,评价秦律颁布的实质和作用。

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答案

(1)秦律具有维护封建土地所有制,保护私有财产,保证地主对农民的经济剥削,规范社会经济活动,重农抑商,维护封建等级制度和封建秩序等职能。

(2)秦律内容繁复缜密,体现法家思想,严刑酷法,轻罪重刑。

(3)实质:它的颁布是为了维护封建制度和封建专制统治,集中体现了地主阶级的意志。作用:对消除原六国的反秦势力,巩固统一起了重要作用。它从法律上维护了新兴的封建生产关系,保护了新兴地主阶级的利益,具有历史进步性。秦律对后世封建律令的制订产生了重大影响,为中国封建社会前期法律制度的完备奠定了基础。但秦律过于严苛,激化了阶级矛盾,成为秦亡的重要原因之一。

完形填空
It all started at the beginning of the ninth grade. Carmen found she couldn’t see things        all the time. She became very worried, but she hoped       would know that. When her mother asked her to see the eye doctor, she didn’t       . But her mother’s mind was made up.
Three days later, Carmen got new glasses and instructions from her doctor. “All of the kids will think I’m       .” Carmen said. Her mother       and shook her head. “You look just as beautiful as before”, she said. But Carmen didn’t believe her.
The next day, Carmen kept the       in her pocket as she walked into the schoolyard. She stood alone away from her friends, feeling      . Suddenly, she heard her friend Theresa shout. Carmen ran over to the other girls. “What’s the      ?” she asked.
“My ring is gone!” Theresa cried. “My sister sent it to me from California. It’s very        and I can’t lose it.”
Carmen and her friends began to       the ring in the grassy area of the playground. Carmen realized that she could do better        she could see better. She took the glasses out and put them on. Everything looked so       ! So clear! She looked down at the ground and a bright light caught her eyes. It was the     .
“Here it is,” she shouted. She handed it to Theresa.
“Thanks, Carmen,” she said. “I        thought we’d find it.” she paused (停顿). “Hey, I didn’t know you wore glasses. They look great!”
Carmen had        that she was wearing the new glasses. “Thanks,” she replied.
“Maybe wearing glasses won’t be so bad after all.” Carmen thought. 
小题1:
A.clearly B.carefully C.freely D.quickly
小题2:
A.everybodyB.anybody C.somebody D.nobody
小题3:
A.explainB.mindC.agree D.understand
小题4:
A.coolB.sillyC.proudD.pretty
小题5:
A.relaxedB.cheeredC.smiledD.shouted
小题6:
A.watchB.keysC.gift D.glasses
小题7:
A.tired B.unhappy C.angry D.nervous
小题8:
A.matter B.reason C.question D.secret
小题9:
A.special B.commonC.cheap D.heavy
小题10:
A.ask for B.wait for C.look forD.pay for
小题11:
A.thoughB.if C.becauseD.until
小题12:
A.natural B.new C.interesting D.different
小题13:
A.ballB.ringC.presentD.glass
小题14:
A.still B.ever C.never D.often
小题15:
A.heard B.found C.imagined D.forgotten
单项选择题