问题 问答题 简答题

新凯恩斯主义是如何解释菲利普斯曲线的?

答案

参考答案:

(1)菲利普斯曲线是用来表示失业与通货膨胀之间交替关系的曲线。(2)新凯恩斯主义者用市场调节的信息不对称和不完全性来解释菲利普斯曲线。在长期中,市场机制的调节作用是有效的,因此,市场可以实现充分就业均衡。这时,失业与通货膨胀也就没有交替关系。失业率为自然失业率,由制度、资源、技术进步等因素决定,通货膨胀率由货币供给增长率决定,两者之间决定机制不同,当然也就没有交替关系,政府就没必要进行调节。在短期中,由于信息的不对称性,市场调节并不是完全有效的,宏观经济会出现小于充分就业均衡或大于充分就业均衡。具体来说,在劳动市场上,由于信息不对称引起的工资粘性,使劳动市场不能实现供求平衡。在物品市场上,由于价格粘性,物品市场也不能实现供求平衡。在信贷市场上,由于信息不对称引起利率并不能起到完全的调节作用,银行采用配给制,供求也不一定平衡。这样,短期中,市场机制的调节作用就受到限制。因此,在短期中,通货膨胀和失业之间就存在交替关系,这时就需要政府用政策进行调节。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     In the traditional marriage, the man worked at a job to earn money for the family. Most men worked

in an office, a factory, or some other place away from the home. Since the man earned the money, they

paid the bills. The money was used for food, clothes, the house, and other family needs, the man made

most of the decisions. He was the boss.

     In the traditional marriage, the woman seldom worked away from the house. She stayed at home to

care for the children and her husband. She cooked meals, cleaned the house, washed the clothes, and

did other housework. Her job at home was very important.

      In recent years, many couples continues to have a traditional relationship of the kind of man who has

a job and earns the money for the family. The woman stays at home and cares for the children and the

house. Many American are happy with the kind of marriage. But some other Americans have a different

impression of marriage and family responsibilities

     There are two important differences in male and female roles now. One is that both men and women

have to stay at home. Both men and women may choose roles that are comfortable for them.

     The second difference in male and female roles is that within marriage many decisions and

responsibilities are shared. The husband and wife may choose to have children, or they may not. If they

have children, the man takes care of them some of the time, all of the time or not at all. The woman may

want to stay at home and take care of the children, or she may want to go to work. Men and women

now decide these things together in a marriage. Many married people now share these decisions and

responsibilities of their families.

1 Which of the following is NOT true in the traditional marriage?

A. Men worked at a job to earn money for the family.

B. The woman made most of the decisions.

C. The woman stayed at home to care for the children.

D. The man paid the bills.

2. In recent years_______.

A young couples refuse the traditional relationship

B. the woman has a job and earns the money for the family

C. the woman doesn't stay at home and care for the children and the house

D. the role of men and women has begun to change

3. Men and women may now choose all the following except to _______.

A. marry or to stay single

B. work or stay at home

C. leave their job just because they have children

D. have their roles that are comfortable for them

4. The followings are all now true except ______.

A. they may choose to have children or not

B. the man may take care of the children some of the time

C. the woman is the most important person in the house

D. the woman may want to go to work

判断题