问题 填空题

(12分)已知Cr(OH)3在碱性较强的溶液中将生成[Cr(OH)4],铬的化合物有毒,由于+6价铬的强氧化性,其毒性是+3价铬毒性的100倍。因此,必须对含铬的废水进行处理,可采用以下两种方法。

[方法一]还原法在酸性介质中用FeSO4等将+6价铬还原成+3价铬。

具体流程如下:

有关离子完全沉淀的pH如下表:

有关离子Fe2+Fe3+Cr3+
完全沉淀为对应氢氧化物的pH9.0[3.25.6
(1)写出Cr2O72―与FeSO4溶液在酸性条件下反应的离子方程式     ▲       

(2)还原+6价铬还可选用以下的      ▲       试剂(填序号)。

A.明矾          B.铁屑            C.生石灰       D.亚硫酸氢钠

(3)在含铬废水中加入FeSO4,再调节pH,使Fe3+和Cr3+产生氢氧化物沉淀。则在操作②中可用于调节溶液pH的试剂为:       ▲     (填序号);

A.Na2O2         B.Ba(OH)2         C.Ca(OH)2      D.NaOH

此时调节溶液的pH范围在     ▲    (填序号)最佳。

A.3~4          B.6~8            C.10~11       D.12~14

[方法二]电解法将含+6价铬的废水放入电解槽内,用铁作阳极,加入适量的氯化钠进行电解。阳极区生成的Fe2+和Cr2O72发生反应,生成的Fe3+和Cr3+在阴极区与OH结合生成Fe(OH)3和Cr(OH)3沉淀除去。

(4)写出阴极的电极反应式                     ▲                   

(5)电解法中加入氯化钠的作用是:             ▲                   

答案

(12分)

(1)Cr2O72― + 6 Fe2+ + 14H+= 2Cr3+ + 6Fe3+ + 7H2O(2分)

(2)BD (2分,只选1个且对得1分,错选不给分)

(3)CD (2分,只选1个且对得1分,错选不给分)       B(2分)

(4)2H+ + 2e= H2↑或2H2O + 2e= H2↑ + 2OH(2分)

(5)增强溶液导电性或盐析(2分)

名词解释
写作题

阅读下面短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Lots of teenagers are trying to enter a university by coping stories and phrases from the internet to fill out their personal statements in Britain. Personal statements are used to show what can make applicants (申请)different as they outline their interests and reasons for studying a particular course. But it seems that some ideas and words are alike, even the same, thanks to an internet site designed to help those who don’t know what to write about themselves. A study found that nearly 800 applications had personal statements containing phrases taken from three online examples. The study, which involved examining 50,000 personal statements, found that 5% used the material from the internet, most from one free website. Borrowed material was most likely to appear at the end of a statement or where the applicant described the reasons for wanting to study a subject. Almost all applications are now completed online, but the new evidence of Internet temptation(诱惑)follow concern that teenagers are cutting and pasting material for A-level coursework(课程作业). A spokesman said later that he and his partners were looking for ways examine whether people appeared to be copying material.

[写作内容]

  1.以约30个词概括短文的要点;

  2.以约120个词表达你对校园中出现作弊现象的看法,并包括如下要点:

  (1)分析某些学生作弊的原因;

(2)指出作弊引起的不良后果;

(3)号召学生们杜绝作弊现象的发生。

[写作要求]

1.          在作文中可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用阅读材料中的句子。

2.          作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校的名称。

[评分标准]

  概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,篇章连贯。

(请考生在答题卷上作答。)