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试述归因理论及其在实际应用中的价值。

答案

参考答案:

归因理论最初是由心理学家海德在研究人际关系心理时提出的,他认为寻求理解是行为的基本动因。后来教育心理学家发现,对学校行为结果的归因还可以影响人们随后的学校行为,归因实际成为学习行为的一种动因。美国心理学家维纳对行为结果的归因进行了系统的探讨,并把归因分为三个维度:内部归因和外部归因、稳定性归因和非稳定性归因、可控制归因和不可控制归因。又把人们活动成败的原因即行为责任主要归结为六个要素,即能力高低、努力程度、任务难易、运气好坏、身心状态、外界环境等。由于归因理论是从结果来阐述行为动机的,因此,他的理论价值与实际作用主要表现在三个方面:一是有助于了解心理活动发生的因果关系,二是有助于根据学习行为及其结果来推断个体的心理特征,三是有助于从特定的学习行为及其结果来预测个体在某种情况下可能产生的学习行为。正因为如此,在实际教学过程中,运用归因理论来了解学习动机,对于改善学生的学习行为,提高其学习效果,会产生一定的作用。

阅读理解

CCTV held a charity show in May to raise money for the earthquake-hit areas in Sichuan. Many famous stars took part in the show. (A) They didn’t ask for any pay, they all did it for free. There were a lot of performances like singing, dancing and cross-talks(相声 ). (B)The audience(观众) were so excited that they clapped(鼓掌) their hands all the time. Almost everyone was moved to cry by a lot of sad or moving stories. During the performances, they donated money to the disaster areas(灾区). The show was so successful.

Besides that, many other stars are doing things for disaster areas in many ways. Kungfu star Jackie Chan and the foundation(基金) named Hong Kong Emperor Group have together donated 10 million yuan. And he also sent his consolation(安慰) to the people in the disaster areas and encouraged them to hold on because “People all over the country are with you.” Xiao Ke, a songwriter, wrote and recorded a song “I Know You Will Come” to warm the hearts of the people in despair(绝望). CCTV’s top show “The Same Song” also held a charity special to help them.

Both the ticket money and the donated money will be sent to the disaster areas. As the Chinese saying goes (C) “One in trouble, all to help.” I believe that the whole world will become better if everyone of us gives charity to others.

小题1:用without把(A)句的两个单句连成一个句子。

They did it __________ any __________.

小题2:把(B)句改写成意思相同的简单句。

The audience were _____ ______ to clap their hands all the time.

小题3:将(C)句翻译成汉语。

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小题4:用斜体句中的“both…and” 仿造一个句子。

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