问题 问答题 简答题

活塞的特殊结构设计各有什么优点?

答案

参考答案:

一般活塞都是圆柱形体,根据不同发动机的工作条件和要求,活塞本身的构造有各种各样,一般将活塞这个小东西分为头部、裙部和活塞销座三个部分。头部是指活塞顶端和环槽部分。活塞顶端完全取决于燃烧室的要求,顶端采用平顶或接 * * 顶设计有利于活塞减少与高温气体的接触面积,使应力分布均匀。多数汽油机采用平顶活塞,有些发动机为了混合气形成的需要,提高燃烧效率,将爆燃减少到最小程度,需要活塞顶端具有较复杂的形状,设有一定深度的凹坑作为燃烧室的一部分。活塞的凹槽称为环槽,用于安装活塞环。活塞环的作用是密封,防止漏气和防止机油进入燃烧室。

活塞裙部是指活塞的下部分,它的作用是尽量保持活塞在往复运动中垂直的姿态,也就是活塞的导向部分。活塞裙部形状的合理设计可使发动机结构紧凑、运行平稳。活塞销座是活塞通过活塞销与连杆连接的支承部分,位于活塞裙部的上方。高速发动机活塞销座的特别之处在于销座孔不一定与活塞在同一中心线平面上,可向一侧偏移一点点,即向作功行程时活塞接触缸壁的一侧偏移,这样当活塞到上止点变换方向后活塞敲击缸壁的程度会减少,从而减少了发动机噪声。

解答题
单项选择题

The nobler and more perfect a thing is, the later and slower it is becoming mature. A man reaches the mature (1) of his reasoning powers and mental faculties (2) before the age of twenty-eight; a woman at eighteen. And then, too, in the case of woman, it is the only reason of a sort--very mean in its (3) . That is why women remain children their whole life long; never seeing (4) but what is quite close to them, (5) fast to the present moment, taking appearance for (6) , and preferring (7) to matters of the first importance. For it is (8) his reasoning faculty that man does not live in the present only, (9) the brute, but looks about him and considers the past and the future; and this is the origin of (10) , as well as that of care and anxiety which so many people (11) Both the advantages and the disadvantages, which this (12) , are (13) in by the woman to a smaller extent because of her weaker power of reasoning. She may, in fact, be described as intellectually shortsighted, (14) , while she has an immediate understanding of what lies quite close to her, her field of (15) is narrow and does not reach to what is (16) ; so that things which are absent, or past, or to come, have much less effect upon women than upon men. This is the reason why women are inclined to be (17) and sometimes carry their desire to a (18) that borders upon madness. In their hearts, women think it is men’s business to earn money and theirs to spend it--if possible during their husband’s life, (19) , at any rate, after his death. The very fact that their husband hands them (20) his earnings for purposes of housekeeping strengthens them in this belief.

8()

A. at the mercy of

B. with regard to

C. in the interests of

D. by virtue of