问题 问答题 简答题

简要回答员工持股计划的实质和优缺点。

答案

参考答案:

(1)员工持股计划的实质是在人力资源价值理念的基础上,借助于按劳分红(将红利转化为股权)或自愿投资持股的途径,通过产权关系纽带,使员工获得劳动者与出资者的双重身份,享有相应的剩余价值索取权和经营管理权,强化员工与公司的联系,激发员工对其人力资源存量充分利用和对人力资源进一步开发的动力,实现公司利润最大化和员工效用(福利)最大化的目标。

(2)员工持股计划的优点。

1)员工具有劳动者与出资者的双重身份,成为公司的股东,能使员工利益与公司利益直接相关。

2)有助于优化公司股本结构,推动企业产权制度改革。

3)福利型的员工持股计划有助于完善社会保障体系,减少人口老龄化对社会的压力;非福利型的员工持股计划则是企业筹资、扩资、提高社会储蓄率和投资率的一种有效方式。

4)劳动力的资本化顺应了当代社会发展的历史趋势,体现了知识经济时代经济科技运动内在规律的要求,对促进劳动者不断提高自身素质也有积极作用。

(3)员工持股计划的缺点。

1)在企业总体经营状况和效率、效益均不佳的情况下,员工持股的收益可能小于其成本,而员工认为其个体的努力又无法改变企业总体经营状况,这会使员工在ESOP的成本收益分析中“趋利避害”,从而大大降低了对ESOP的热情和兴趣,使ESOP无法达到预期目标和效果。

2)员工具有双重身份对企业决策管理带来了负效应;

3)有外部股东的公司实行ESOP后,由于员工与外部股东信息不对称,会加剧侵蚀外部股东权益的“内部人行为”,使公司内外股权不平等。

4)员工持股计划不利于企业人力资源的流动,不利于劳动力资源配置效率的提高。

5)有些企业以ESOP为名,实际目的却是规避税收,套取优惠贷款,减少福利性支出,或为企业“圈钱”,员工实际上却未享受到股东的权益,挫伤了员工积极性。

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     Recently I've completed my college degree.The__1__course was sociology and the last project was
called "smile",which asked us to go out and smile at three people and__2__their reactions.
     It was freezing.My husband and I went out to McDonald's.We were standing in line,waiting to be__3_when all of a sudden everyone around us began to__4__away from their position.
     As I turned around I smelled a__5__"dirty body" smell,and there standing behind me were two poor
__6__men.As I looked down at the short gentleman__7__to me,he was smiling and his beautiful sky blue
eyes searched for__8__.
     To sit in the restaurant and__9__up,they had to buy something.When the young lady at the counter
asked what they wanted,he said coffee because that was all they could__10__.
     I smiled and asked the lady for two more breakfast meals on two__11__plates.I then walked around
the corner to the table that the men had chosen as a__12__spot.
     I put the plates on the table and__13__the blueeyed gentleman's cold hands with my hands.With tears
in his eyes,he said,"Thank you." I noticed all the__14__in the restaurant were set on me.My husband
__15__at me and gave me a big hug.
     I returned to college and handed in a paper about this story as my__16__to the instructor.She read it
and then asked,"Can I __17__this?" I nodded.Just at that time I realized in my own way I had__18__the
people at McDonald's,my husband,the instructor,and every soul that shared the classroom.I__19__with
one of the biggest lessons I would ever learn-unconditional acceptance.We shouldn't__20__people based
on their appearance.
( )1.   A.last    
( )2.A.recognize  
( )3.A.paid  
( )4.A.throw      
( )5.A.horrible    
( )6.A.old        
( )7.A.close      
( )8.A.assistance  
( )9.   A.break  
( )10.A.afford    
( )11.A.big    
( )12.A.resting  
( )13.A.shook  
( )14.A.customers  
( )15.A.laughed    
( )16.A.homework
( )17.A.share      
( )18.A.involved  
( )19.A.graduated  
( )20.A.estimate  
B.first        
B.record      
B.treated      
B.give        
B.curious      
B.healthy      
B.due          
B.acceptance  
B.pick        
B.enjoy        
B.separate    
B.eating      
B.shared      
B.hands        
B.smiled      
B.project      
B.spare        
B.contacted    
B.accomplished
B.guarantee    
C.hardest      
C.describe    
C.served  
C.take          
C.dull          
C.homeless    
C.superior      
C.advice      
C.cheer      
C.spend      
C.beautiful  
C.visit ing    
C.clapped    
C.eyes          
C.shouted      
C.assignment
C.care          
C.investigated  
C.disappeared  
C.judge        
D.easiest        
D.imagine        
D.charged        
D.back          
D.familiar      
D.disabled      
D.similar        
D.admission      
D.warm           
D.drink          
D.special        
D.watching       
D.covered        
D.sounds        
D.stared         
D.ac hievement  
D.support        
D.touched        
D.succeeded      
D.approach      
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