问题 问答题 简答题

叙述射线防护的三大方法的原理。

答案

参考答案:

射线防护的三大方法是时间防护,距离防护和屏蔽防护,其原理如下:

时间防护的原理是:在辐射场内的人员所受辐射的累积剂量与时间成正比,因此,在辐射率不变的情况下,缩短辐射时间便可减少所接受的剂量,从而达到防护目的。

距离防护的原理是:在源辐射强度一定的情况下,剂量率或照射量与离源的距离平方成反比,增大距离便可减少剂量率或照射量,从而达到防护目的。

屏蔽防护的原理是:射线穿透物质时强度会减弱,在人与辐射源之间设备足够的屏蔽物,便可降低辐照水平,达到防护目的。

填空题

根据下列短文内容,在短文后的空格处填上一个恰当的词,使短文完整、通顺。

    Ten-year-old Barack Obama was one of only three black 1             at his school in Hawaii, USA. He felt

very 2              from most other students. White girls wanted to touch his hair. A white boy 3              

him if his father ate people."I lied to them that my father was a Kenyan (肯尼亚) prince (王子).

But I kept asking 4             who I am," said Obama. However, 37 years later, the boy made history.

Obama became the 5              black president (总统) in US history. Obama was 6            in 1961,

to an African father and a white American woman a small town in the USA. He grew 7             in

Indonesia and Hawaii. This unusual background made him wonder who he was. He once turned to

alcohol (酒精) to help forget this question. 8              the help of his friends, Obama finally turned his

life around at college. His hard work made him STAR Harvard (哈佛大学). Later, he became only the

third black senator (参议院) in US history. During his race to the highest post in the US, Obama talked

about this background. He called for a Untied States of America, rather than a white America or a

black America. Obama's success has made Martin Luther King's dream come 9             . That is:

A man should not be judged (判断) by the color of his skin, 10              by the content of his

character (性格). 

                                                                                                                          —From BBC news.

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