问题 单项选择题

Passage Four

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more as of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with violent changes. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.

The expression "greater tolerance" ( Para. 1 ) refers to "______".

A.more respect for different beliefs and behaviors

B.quicker adaptation to changing circumstances

C.greater willingness to accept social change

D.greater readiness to agree to different opinions and idea

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 本题是推理题。前文提到在更容易发生社会变迁的社会有更多不同的思想和观点,也有更多的不同利益,然后说there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies,因此这种包容应该是对这些不同的包容,所以A选项是正确答案。B、C、D选项原文未提及。

阅读理解

What makes us who we are? This question has two different answers. One is the environment that surrounds us when we grow up, and the other is our genes (基因). In English, this is called the “nature vs nurture debate(辩论)”. Nature means genes, and nurture means environment, including the people around you.

There is a famous saying: “Give me a child until the age of 7 and I’ll show you the man.” Now, there is a scientific research to support this famous saying.

They watched small birds in new environments, and wrote down how much they explored(探索). Birds that grew up with very outgoing birds were more outgoing themselves. Scientists at the universities of Exeter, UK and Hamburg, Germany did studies on birds. They found that their personalities(个性) were affected most by the birds around them when they grew up – more so than genes.

Nick Royle from the University of Exeter in the UK said the research was surprising because it shows that “for these birds, personality is mainly determined(决定) by environment.” However, human personalities are a lot more complicated than birds, so there is much we still don’t know. The nature vs nurture debate will continue for a long time, if not forever.

小题1:The famous saying in the passage tells us _________.

A.A 7-year-old boy can do things as well as an adult.

B.An adult can be influenced and changed by a 7-year-old boy.

C.The environment in the early part of our life has the biggest influence on our adult life.

小题2:Nick Royle is a(n) ______ scientist.

A. American   B. British   C. German

小题3:What do the scientists think of the research?

A. Outgoing.    B. Exciting.    C. Surprising.

小题4:What does the underlined word “complicated” mean?

A. 有趣的  B. 类似的  C. 复杂的

小题5:Which is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. The environment and genes affect our personality.

B. The scientists are sure that the environment influences the human personality more than the genes do.

C. The nurture means the environment .

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