问题 填空题

现有0.1mol·L-1的Na2SO4和0.1mol·L-1的H2SO4混合溶液100mL,向其中逐滴加入0.2mol·L-1的Ba(OH)2溶液,并不断搅拌,使反应充分进行。

⑴当加入50mLBa(OH)2溶液时,发生反应的离子方程式为                ,所得溶液中的溶质是         ,其物质的量浓度为             mol·L—1

⑵当溶液中沉淀量达到最大时,所加Ba(OH)2溶液的体积为     mL,所得溶液中溶质         ,则该溶质物质的量浓度为           mol·L-1

答案

(12分)⑴ 2H++2OH-+Ba2++SO42==BaSO4↓+2H2O;Na2SO4;0.067

⑵100 ; NaOH ;0.1

题目分析:n(Na2SO4)=0.01mol,n(H2SO4)= 0.01mol,n(H+)= 0.02mol,n(SO42)=0.02mol。

⑴n[Ba(OH)2]=0.01mol,n(OH-)=0.02mol,n(Ba2+)=0.01mol。

发生的离子方程式为2H++2OH-+Ba2++SO42==BaSO4↓+2H2O。由化学反应中量的关系可知,H+、OH-、Ba2+反应完,SO42没反应完,Na+没参加反应,故所得溶液中的溶质是Na2SO4。其物质的量浓度为c=n÷V=0.01÷[(100+50) ÷1000]= 0.067(mol·L—1)。

⑵n(SO42)=0.02mol,当溶液中沉淀量达到最大时,需要n(Ba2+)=0.02mol,故需要n[Ba(OH)2] =0.02mol,即所加Ba(OH)2溶液的体积为V=n÷c=0.02÷0.2=0.1(L),即100mL。n(OH-)=0.04mol,反应0.02mol,剩余0.02mol,H+、O42反应完,Na+没参加反应,故所得溶液中溶质为NaOH。则该溶质物质的量浓度为c=n÷V=0.02÷[(100+100) ÷1000]= 0.1(mol·L—1)。

点评:本题考查的是化学计量的相关计算和离子方程式的书写的知识,题目难度中,主要考查学生的计算能力、对公式灵活应用的能力。

选择题
单项选择题

Jeanne Calment, a French woman, became a record breaker on 17 October of 1995, when at the age of 120 years and 238 days , she became the longest-lived human being on record. A Japanese man died in 1986 at the age of 120 years and 237 days.

Jeanne Calment lives in a small old people’s home in the south of France; her husband, her only child and her grandson have all died. She is nearly blind and deaf and she is always in a wheelchair, but her doctor describes her as being more like a 90-year-old in good health than someone of 120. She still has a lively sense of humor. When asked on her 120th birthday what she expected of the future, she replied: A very short one. She also remarked that she thought the good Lord had forgotten all about her.

So what is the key to a long life According to some doctors, diet, exercise and no smoking are the three important factors. Jeanne Calment has followed two of the tips. She has always eaten a healthy diet, and she used to do exercises every day until she broke her leg at the age of 115. However, until recently she drank two glassed of p red wine a day, and she does smoke (now only a little). Besides, Jeanne Calment might have got very good genes from her parents. Her father lived to the age of 94 and her mother to 86.

A local lawyer bought her house when she was 80 under an agreement that he would pay her some money every year until her death. It must have seemed a good move at the time, but so far the lawyer has paid her at least three times the value of the house. Every year on her birthday Jeanne Calment sends him a card saying: Sorry, I’m still alive !

Jeanne Calment owes her good health and long life to()

A.smoking only a little every day

B.her giving up smoking and drinking

C.drinking two glasses of p red wine every day

D.the good genes from her parents, a healthy diet and some exercises