问题 单项选择题


Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by ,5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage One

In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic (运动的) molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.
A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: "Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science anymore than a pile of bricks can be called a house. "
Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses. In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.

In the third paragraph, bricks are mentioned to indicate how ______.

A.science is more than a collection of facts

B.scientific experiments have led to improved technology

C.building a house is like performing experiments

D.mathematicians approach science

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 本题是推理题。文中第三段说Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments,然后引用数学家Jules Henri Poincare的话来阐述这个观点,科学除了收集事实资料,还需要想象和创造性思维。所以A选项是正确答案。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,回答问题。

父子之间的怯意                韩羽

①我怕父亲,他打我是真打。看着他瞪圆了眼,一步一步逼近,还不敢躲,绷紧了肌肉等着,于是一巴掌扇过来,于是脑袋嗡了一声……

②有时却是另一副样子,比如去下地,他在前边头也不回地说:“唱一个我听听。”我在后边就模仿着戏台上的花脸呜呜哇哇地唱起来。他说:“瞎胡唱,别唱了。”我说:“你唱一个。”他唱起来:“我不该,咳咳咳咳,老王爷,咳咳咳咳……”也是随唱随编,瞎胡唱,越唱越带劲儿。

③我家有个大宜兴壶,下地回来,泡上茶壶,父亲高兴了,还逼我们喝。说:“逼”,是因为我们喜欢喝凉水,不喜欢喝茶。“过来,喝!多清香,又解暑,你喝不喝?想挨揍啊!”

④我们俩常常一起去看庙。“看庙”二字,说句文词,是父亲杜撰的。看庙就是去看庙里的壁画,是让我开阔眼界,是培养我画画的一种方式,这很有点像现在的参观美术展览馆或画廊。我父亲本是老农民,竟与文人想到了一起。

⑤吃过早饭,父亲将粪筐往肩上一背,抄起粪叉说:“走,看庙去。”母亲说:“今天不拉土了?”父亲说:“回来再说。”我们就在这“回来再说”的空当里看了许多庙。庙有大有小,有远有近。近则三五里,远则十几里。一去一回就是几十里。全堂邑县境内的庙我们几乎都看遍了。

⑥父亲对庙里的壁画还加以评论。他指着《八仙过海》的海水说:“你看这水,涟涟地像是在颤动。”又用手摸着墙说:“这墙是平的,你再远看,不是坑坑洼洼地凸起来了吗?”其实现在看来,稀松得很,无非是靠了反复重叠的弧形线条引起的错觉。父亲最佩服的是《八破图》,破扇子、破信封、破书本、破眼镜盒……他像在集市上买粮食时将粮食粒捻来捻去还嚼一嚼那样仔细,猫着腰将那画上的破信封的一角又摸又抠,远瞧瞧,近瞅瞅,长叹一口气说:“像真烧焦了一样。”他一指点,我也惊叹起来。最后,总是照例的一句话:“使劲儿看,好好记住。”

⑦我12岁那年考上初中,学校在聊城,离家15公里多。过了正月十五,要开学了。吃过早饭上路,父亲背上粪筐跟我走了出来,虽没说话,我知道他是送我。一直走出10公里开外看见聊城古楼了,他说:“快了,你走吧。”这时旷野无人,惟有寒风积雪,一抹虚白的阳光和远处的几声鸡啼。望着逐渐远去的、背着粪筐的父亲的身影,我只想反身向他追去。

⑧再以后,我参加了工作,按家乡人的看法,凡是吃公家饭的人就是“干部”。我很少回家了,一晃就是十几年,大约是1960年,父亲到天津看我来了。我说:“今天咱们上街吃一顿狗不理包子,再领你去看看美术展览。”他问什么是美术展览,我觉得一两句话说不清,我提起以前的事:“我小时候你不是常领我去看庙吗?和看庙差不多。”

⑨刚走过劝业场,我一回头,见他正弯腰从地上捡烟头,我嚷了一声:“扔了!你也不嫌脏。”他赶紧扔了烟头,眼神带有惶惑和惧意。这眼神使我凄然,是什么使父亲对我有了怯意?我反而愿意再看到小时候父亲扇我巴掌时那瞪圆了的眼。

【注】山东聊城人,1931年生,1948年参加工作。先后从事美术编辑、创作、教学工作。现为中国美术家协会理事、中国美术家协会河北分会名誉 * * 。

1.文中的“父亲”具有哪些特点?(3分)

2.⑴小时候“我”为什么对“父亲”“怯意”?⑵后来“父亲”为什么对“我”“怯意”?(5分)

3.分析下列“父亲”语言的语气特点及其所包含的情感内涵。(6分)

⑴“唱一个我听听。”

⑵“快了,你走吧。”

⑶“像真烧焦了一样。”

4.下列对文章的分析鉴赏,正确的两项是(4分)

A.从“父亲”杜撰的“看庙”一词,可看出“父亲”文化程度不高,语言朴实。“看庙”的做法虽然幼稚,但对“我”毕竟起到了艺术启蒙的效果。

B.第⑦段写旷野的寒风积雪和虚白的阳光、几声的鸡啼,用寂静的春晨之景衬托父子俩一路上的寂寞以及内心的悲凉。

C.第⑨段中,“我”之所以“凄然”,是因为“我”从父亲的眼神中看到了两代人无法相互理解与沟通的隔阂而感到失望。

D.“我”对“父亲”的感情从畏惧、理解到敬重与矜悯,“父亲”对“我”的感情从期盼到依恋与敬畏,文章细腻地描写了父子之间微妙的心理变化。E.文章选取了人生中沉淀于心的、感人肺腑而又鲜活生动的几个生活片断,给读者以人生的沧桑的真切感受。

单项选择题