问题 单项选择题

Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is (1) only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, even (2) . You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to (3) the truth of this.

Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite (4) .

(5) , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, once broken, makes the offender immediately the object of (6) .

It has been known as a fact that a British has a (7) for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it (8) .

Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom (9) forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and (10) to everyone.

This may be so. (11) a British cannot have much (12) in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong (13) a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate — or as inaccurate — as the weathermen in his (14) .

Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references (15) weather that the British (16) to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are (17) by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isn’t it” “Beautiful!” may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you” Although the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is (18) .pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. If he wants to start a conversation with a British but is at a loss to know (19) to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will (20) an answer from even the most reserved of the British.

13()

A.since

B.once

C.when

D.while

答案

参考答案:C

解析:

逻辑衔接题。前面谈到,预报员在承诺了第二天的好天气之后,坏天气的出现又证明了他们是错的。按照这样的逻辑关系,proved wrong和“出现rainy weather”之间应由when来衔接,故本题选[C]。[A] since意为“既然”或者“自…以来”,放在此理解不通;[B]once“一旦”,与前面的often不搭配;[D]while“当…时候”,强调两种可持续的动作的同时发生,用在此处不恰当。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
综合题

(19分)阅读下列材料:

材料一 《中华文化史》(冯天瑜等著)认为,中华传统文化在春秋战国时期表现为“以民本思潮和专制主义为两翼的百家争鸣的私学文化”;秦汉以后“定型为以儒学为正宗,兼纳百家、融汇释道的帝国文化” ;而“在商品经济有充分发育的基础上得以繁衍的市民文化,在清中叶以前的整个中国社会都相当细弱。”

材料二  17-18世纪欧洲出现了一股“中国热”,许多思想家对中国文化表现出浓厚的兴趣。德意志的莱布尼茨盛赞儒家道路及影响下的社会秩序和国家统一。法国的伏尔泰认为,儒学不是宗教;中国的考试制度使官吏职位人人皆可争取,欧洲应加以采用。

材料三 江户时代(1603—1867年)的日本是以儒学代替以前的佛教作为统治地位的意识形态。汉学是日本西洋学发达的起点。这里所说的“汉学”,包括以儒家为中心的意识形态的学问和技术方面的学问两个方面。……中国儒学在日本不像在中国那样拥有社会基础,而且没有同科举结合,所以,它一开始就作为思索的学问而发展,而且平行地存在着几种学说。

——伊田嘉家《近代日本的历史问题》

请回答:

(1)概述西汉和宋朝时期以儒学为正宗的“帝国文化”的形成和强化的过程(4分)。

(2)概括导致清中叶以前“市民文化”在整个中国社会中相当细弱的主要原因(6分)。

(3)依据材料二并结合当时德国的历史背景,说明莱布尼茨为何推崇中国儒学文化(2分)?伏尔泰当时推崇中国考试制度的出发点是什么?(2分)

(4)依据材料三,说明儒家思想对日本的影响。(2分)站在物质文明高度发达、各种文化相互交融的21世纪,中外有识之士呼吁要重视儒家文化。依据材料结合所学请你从构建“和谐社会”的立场简要分析其中的原因。(3分)