问题 问答题 简答题

3S集成的作用和意义。

答案

参考答案:

3S技术为科学研究、政府管理、社会生产提供了新一代的观测手段、描述语言和思维工具。3S的结合应用,取长补短,是一个自然的发展趋势,三者之间的相互作用形成了“一个大脑,两只眼睛”的框架,即RS和GPS向GIS提供或更新区域信息以及空间定位,GIS进行相应的空间分析,以从RS和GPS提供的浩如烟海的数据中提取有用信息,并进行综合集成,使之成为决策的科学依据。GIS、RS和GPS三者集成利用,构成为整体的、实时的和动态的对地观测、分析和应用的运行系统,提高了GIS的应用效率。在实际的应用中,较为常见的是3S两两之间的集成,如GIS/RS集成,GIS/GPS集成或者RS/GPS集成等,但是同时集成并使用3S技术的应用实例则较少。

RS、GIS、GPS集成的方式可以在不同的技术水平上实现,最简单的办法是三种系统分开而由用户综合使用,进一步是三者有共同的界面,做到表面上无缝的集成,数据传输则在内部通过特征码相结合,最好的办法是整体的集成,成为统一的系统。

单纯从软件实现的角度来看,开发3S集成的系统在技术上并没有多大的障碍。目前一般工具软件的实现技术方案是:通过支持栅格数据类型及相关的处理分析操作以实现与遥感的集成,而通过增加一个动态矢量图层以与GPS集成。对于3S集成技术而言,最重要的是在应用中综合使用遥感以及全球定位系统,利用其实时、准确获取数据的能力,降低应用成本或者实现一些新的应用。

3S集成技术的发展,形成了综合的、完整的对地观测系统,提高了人类认识地球的能力;相应地,它拓展了传统测绘科学的研究领域。作为地理学的一个分支学科,Geomatics*产生并对包括遥感、全球定位系统在内的现代测绘技术的综合应用进行探讨和研究。同时,它也推动了其它一些相联系的学科的发展,如地球信息科学、地理信息科学等,它们成为“数字地球”这一概念提出的理论基础。

单项选择题

So it is today. Schedule disaster, functional misfits, and system bugs all arise because the left hand doesn’t know what the right hand is doing. As work (), the several teams slowly change the functions, sizes, and speeds of their own programs, and they explicitly or implicitly () their assumptions about the inputs available and the uses to be made of the outputs. For example, the implementer of a program-overlaying function may run into problems and reduce speed relying on statistics that show how () this function will arise in application programs. Meanwhile, back at the ranch, his neighbor may be designing a major part of the supervisor so that it critically depends upon the speed of this function. This change in speed itself becomes a major specification change, and it needs to be proclaimed abroad and weighed from a system point of view. How, then, shall teams () with one another In as many ways as possible. Informally. Good telephone service and a clear definition of intergroup dependencies will encourage the hundreds of calls upon which common interpretation of written documents depends. Meetings. Regular project meetings, with one team after another giving technical riefings, are(). Hundreds of minor misunderstandings get smoked out this way. Workbook. A formal project workbook must be started at the beginning.

Regular project meetings, with one team after another giving technical riefings, are(). Hundreds of minor misunderstandings get smoked out this way

A.worthless

B.valueless

C.useless

D.invaluable

单项选择题