问题 问答题 简答题

解释油气初次运移的方式。

答案

参考答案:

油气初次运移的模式主要有正常压实排烃模式、异常压力排烃模式、扩散模式。三者在相态、动力、途径均有差异。

(一)未熟—低熟阶段正常压实排烃模式

正常压实的作用下,油气溶解于水中,呈水溶液随水一起被压实出来。

介质条件:孔隙水较多,渗透率高,

驱动因素:正常压实作用,

相态:水溶相和部分游离相态,

通道:孔隙、微层面。

(二)成熟—过成熟阶段异常压力排烃模式

介质条件:孔隙小,含水少,渗透率低。

动力条件:异常高压——油气大量生成、蒙脱石脱水、热增压作用等因素。

相态:以游离相为主

排烃过程:

a.连续的过程:

当生油岩孔隙网络内部压力还不足以引起岩石产生微裂缝时,如果孔隙喉道不太窄,或因为存在着连续的有机质相和有干酪根三维网络而使得毛细管压力并不太大,那么,油就可以从生油岩中被慢慢驱出,不需要裂缝存在。在这种情况下,油气在异常压力作用下被驱动应是一个连续的过程。通道:孔隙、微层面

b.脉冲式:

当孔隙流体压力很高而导致烃源岩产生微裂缝,这些微裂缝与孔隙连接,则形成微裂缝—孔隙系统。在异常高压驱动下,油气水通过微裂缝—孔隙系统向烃源岩外涌出。当排出部分流体后,压力下降,微裂缝闭合。待压力恢复升高和微裂缝重新开启后,又发生新的涌流。这一阶段,油气水就是以一种间歇式、脉冲式不连续的方式进行混相涌流。

这两种连续油气运移过程和脉冲式不连续相运移过程是异常压力增高过程中的两个阶段,两者可以相互转化,周期性发生,且以后者为主。

(三)轻烃扩散辅助运移模式

轻烃特别是气态烃,具较强的扩散能力。尽管这是一种分子运动,效率较低,但在烃源岩中具有普遍性,因此不容忽视。对非常致密储层,或处于异常高压状态的地层,渗流作用几乎不可能进行,扩散作用尤显重要。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Nowadays, we can know time very easily.Even a little child may know the time.We always ask

"What time is it?" Then people can tell me the exact time.But before the invention of clocks, it was

very difficult.One way people told the time was by using sundials, but it was impossible to tell the time

on cloudy days or at night.

     The first mechanical(计时)clock was invented in China by Su Sung in 1088.The first clock in

Europe was invented 195 years later, at the end of the 13th century.And in Britain, 67 years later, the

alarm clock was invented in Germany.

     The first watch was invented in Italy in 1462. Early watches were different from today's in two main

ways.First, they only had an hour hand.Second, you could not wear them on your wrist. (手腕)You

had to keep them in your pocket- that's why they were called 'pocket clocks'.

     The first wrist watch came from Switzerland 328 years after the first pocket clock, but nobody bought

them.They did not become popular for a hundred years.

     Digital clocks and watches came from the United States and are the new popular inventions in

time-keeping.Shops all over the world started to sell them in 1971.

1.The underlined sundials in the first paragraph may mean ______. 

A.太阳

B.日冕

C.手表

D.闹钟

2.The first mechanical(计时)clock was invented ______. 

A.in China  

B.in England

C.in America

D.in Germany

3.The first watch was invented ______years later than the first mechanical clock. 

A.195

B.67

C.328

D.374

4.According to the passage, the first wrist watch ______.

A.was invented in Italy in 1462

B.many people liked to buy it

C.was the same as our watches nowadays

D.came from Switzerland 328 years after the first pocket clock

5.This passage may be from a(an)______.  

A.news

B.Ads

C.magazine

D.math book

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