问题 问答题 简答题

简述权力、权威和合法性的关系.

答案

参考答案:

(1)、权力是以强制力为后盾而迫使人服从的一种力量。权威是对权力的一种自愿的服从和支持。(2)、人们对权力安排的服从可能有被迫的成分,但是对权威的安排的服从却是认同,得到人们的忠诚。权威被认为是正当的权力,它被所有人当做正当的法则所接受,权威的行使既为同意者所认可,也为反对者所容忍。

(3)、合法性是一种特性,是来自被统治者的心理认同,体现一种价值判断。合法性不只是指法律意义上的合法律性,它还具有某种正统性色彩。这种具有正统价值观念的合法性权力提供了持久的、最终的来源。合法性不仅是一个权力问题,更重要的是它涉及权力和权威的基础。

(4)、如何实现合法性权力,主要是通过信仰体系和有限政府来实现。有了合法性权力,权力客体就会接受决策者的权威。权威是合法性权力的关键。

(5)将权力转化为权威的关键是合法性问题,权威以合法性为基础,实现由合法性向权威的转换,是需要从构成合法性的基础中寻找一定的条件。

阅读理解

     It was the summer of 1965. DeLuca, then 17, visited Peter Buck, a family friend. Buck asked DeLuca about his plans for the future. "I'm going to college, but I need a way to pay for it , "DeLuca recalls saying. " Buck said ,'You should open a sndwich shop.'"      

     That afternoon, they agreed to be partners. And they set a goal: to open 32 stores in ten years. After doing some research, Buck wrote a check for ﹩1000. DeLuca rented a storefront(店面 ) in Connecticut, and when they couldn't cover their start-up costs, Buck kicked in another ﹩1000.      

     But business didn't go smoothly as they expected. DeLuca says, "After six months, we were doing poorly, but we didn't know how badly, because we didn't have any financial controls.” All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs.      

     DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time. Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York. They'd meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running. "We convinced ourselves to open a second store. We figured we could tell the public, ‘We are so successful, we are opening a second store.’" And they did-in the spring of 1966. Still, it was a lot of learning by trial and error.      

     But the partners' learn-as-you-go approach turned out to be their greatest strength. Every Friday, DeLuca would drive around and hand-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers. “'It probably took me two and a half hours and it wasn't necessary, but as a result, the suppliers got to know me very well, and the personal relationships established really helped out,  "DeLuca says.      

     And having a goal was also important. "There are so many problems that can get you down. You just have to keep working toward your goal, "DeLuca adds.      

     DeLuca ended up founding Subway Sandwich, the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.

1. DeLuca opened the first sandwich shop in order to____________.      

A. support his family      

B. pay for his college education      

C. help his partner expand business      

D. do some research

2. Which of the following is true of Buck?   

A. He put money into the sandwich business.    

B. He was a professor of business administration.    

C. He was studying at the University of Bridgeport.    

D. He rented a storefront for DeLuca.

3. What can we learn about their first shop?      

A. It stood at an unfavorable place.      

B. It lowered the prices to promote sales.      

C. It made no profits due to poor management.      

D. It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches.

4. They decided to open a second store because they _________.    

A. had enough money to do it    

B. had succeeded in their business    

C. wished to meet the increasing demand of customers    

D. wanted to make believe that they were successful

5. What contributes most to their success according to the author?    

A. Learning by trial and error.      

B. Making friends with suppliers.      

C. Finding a good partner.      

D. Opening chain stores.

选择题