问题 问答题 简答题

输电固定成本分摊及网损分摊常用方法有哪些?阐述一下这些方法的基本思想,以及优缺点。

答案

参考答案:

边际成本法,嵌入成本法和综合定价法。

(1)边际成本法:

包括长期边际成本法和短期边际成本法。

长期边际成法,是根据输电公司执行输电合同时引起的总成本的边际变化作为定价的依据。

优点:能提供经济运行信号;能计算增加的网损和边际成本;符合物理定律;能考虑系统扩展成本。

缺点:难于执行,且与线路成本不一致。

短期边际成本法,根据电网短期边际成本计算输电价格,不考虑电网固定资产的折旧与回收,只考虑输电贸易引起的电网运行成本的微增变化。

优点:能提供经济运行信号;能计算增加的网损和边际成本;符合物理定律。

缺点:不考虑系统扩展成本,无法收回网络固定成本。

(2)嵌入成本法:根据输电网提供输电服务时的总成本,按照某种分摊原则求解输电的平均成本。

优点是:可以共同分摊和回收输电总成本,价格稳定,易于理解和实现。其不足之处在于:缺乏经济背景和提供经济导向信号的能力,无法反映未来投资和费用的变化,体现不出各种交易分别对网络造成的影响。

(3)综合定价法:用短期边际成本法对输电可变成本进行定价和收费,具有较好的市场经济信号;用嵌入成本法对输电固定成本进行分摊和完全回收。

阅读理解

Wanted,Someone for a Kiss

We’re looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM.You’ll work on the station’s music programs.Music production experience in radio is necessary,along with rich knowledge of modern dance music.Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies,Kiss 100.

Father Christmas

We’re looking for a very special person,preferably over 40,to fill our Father Christmas suit.

Working days:Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays,10∶ 30 -16∶ 00.

Excellent pay.

Please contact the Enterprise Shopping Centre,Station Parade,Eastbourne.

Accountants Assistant

When you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit,you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division,dealing with post and other general duties.If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you.This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.

Wealden District Council

Software Trainer

If you are aged 24—45 and have experience in teaching and training,you could be the person we are looking for.You should be good at the computer and have some experience in program writing.You will be allowed to make your own decisions,and to design courses as well as present them.Pay upwards of £15,000 for the right person.Please apply by sending your CV (简历)to Mrs.R.Oglivie,Palmlace Limited.

小题1:Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?

A.Wealden District Council.

B.Producer Vacancies,Kiss 100.

C.The Enterprise Shopping Centre.

D.Mrs Oglivie,Palmlace Limited.小题2:We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who              

A.is aged between 24 and 40

B.may do some training work

C.should deal with general duties

D.can work for about a month小题3:Which position is open to recent school graduates?

A.Accountants Assistant.

B.Father Christmas.

C.Producer,London Kiss.

D.Software Trainer.小题4:What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited?

A.One with GCSE grade C level.

B.One having good computer knowledge.

C.One with some office experience.

D.One trained in producing music programs.

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