问题 单项选择题

沟通的作用是()。Ⅰ沟通有利于协调组织成员的步伐和行动。Ⅱ沟通有利于领导者获取高质量的信息,有助于提高领导工作的效率。Ⅲ沟通有利于加强组织与外部环境的联系,同外部环境进行物质、信息及能量的交换,保证组织与环境协调一致。Ⅳ沟通有利于激励下属的斗志,激发整体创新智慧,增强组织的持续发展动力。

A.Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ

B.Ⅱ+Ⅲ+Ⅳ

C.Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ+Ⅳ

D.Ⅲ+Ⅳ

答案

参考答案:C

单项选择题

阅读以下文字,完成以下各题。


据美国《华盛顿邮报》日前报道,在美国明尼苏达州,一些猪的血管中流淌着人类的血液;在美国内华达州,一些绵羊拥有着人类的肝脏;在美国加利福尼亚州,一些拥有人类脑细胞的老鼠从它们的笼子中向外界窥望……
据报道,生物学家们将这些带有人类血液或细胞的动物称做“混血赫迈拉”(hvbrid-schimeras),赫迈拉是希腊传说中拥有狮头、羊身、蛇尾的吐火怪兽,在过去数年中,美国科学家将人类的干细胞加入到了许多动物的发展胚胎中,秘密炮制出了许多实验性的“混血赫迈拉”产品。
据报道,在一个正在进行的实验中,美国明尼苏达州罗切斯特马约医院的杰弗里·普拉特医生通过将人血干细胞注入进猪的胚胎,已经建立了一些“人猪赫迈拉”,这些猪体内的血管中既流着猪的血。也流着人的血。普拉特称,一些人血细胞和猪血细胞已经自然发生结合,这对医学界是一项重要的发现。因为科学家一直在考虑将一些猪器官移植到病人身上,但同时又不知道猪身上的病毒会不会潜入人体内,对人类形成危害。如今科学家发现这一担心是真实的,因为猪体内的病毒可以通过人猪细胞的融合获得感染人类的途径。
在另外一些实验中,以美国内华达大学的伊斯梅尔·赞贾尼为首的科学家已经将人类干细胞添加到了绵羊的胚胎中,炮制出了一些“人羊赫迈拉”,如今这些“混血羊”体内的肝脏——80%的成分都属于人类的肝脏。还有一些实验中,科学家将人类的脑细胞注进老鼠的头盖骨内,这些拥有人类脑细胞的老鼠从它们的笼子中向外窥望时,天知道它们的脑海中在想些什么。
然而。当科学家试图将整个人体器官放在动物的体内生长,“混血赫迈拉”实验就成了一个非常敏感的话题。当科学家试图将人类脑细胞也注入动物的头盖骨内时,这一话题将变得尤其敏感——被用于实验的动物是否会变得像人类一样聪明
目前,“混血赫迈拉”实验已经在美国研究界引发了巨大的伦理争议,在更严格的规则制定出来前,科学研究到底会走到哪一步
如今的美国科学家和威尔士科幻小说《莫鲁博士岛》上炮制半人半兽怪物的医学狂人有什么本质区别

对“如今科学家发现这一担心是真实的”理解有误的一项是( )。

A.科学家担心将猪器官移植到病人身上时也会把猪身上的病毒带进人体

B.“人猪赫迈拉”实验指出了医治某些人类疾病的奇妙方法

C.在医学上,能否将猪器官移植到病人身上的实验需要慎重考虑

D.猪体内的病毒可以通过人猪细胞的融合获得感染人类的途径

单项选择题

Questions 81-90 are based on the following passage.


It sounds like a science fiction, but researchers say it’s a scientific fact: Microscopic organisms dubbed "killer algae" are paralyzing fish with unknown toxins and then eating away at their flesh. They might be making people sick, too.
The name given to this single-cell organism, or dinoflagellate, is Pfiesteria piscimorte- literally, "fish killer. " It was discovered at North Carolina State University in 1988, but at the same time, few scientists believed in its existence, much less in its highly unusual predatory nature. But ongoing research has led to international acknowledgment of the phenomenon and, recently, research funding.
Seemingly prompted by an unknown substance secreted by fish, the aggressive creature swims into action. It sends neurotoxins into the water and air, paralyzing a fish’s nervous system, and causing it to gasp for air at the surface. Eventually the fish suffocates. The killer dinoflagellate then attaches itself to the fish and begins sucking away at its flesh. This macabre scenario may help solve several sea mysteries, such as why fishermen report seeing "fish walks" (fish trying to leave the water) and pools of dead fish with holes eaten through them.
Whether humans are affected by the dinoflagellate’s toxin remains to be seen. Researchers think it’s unlikely eating fresh fish are in danger, but anyone with frequent exposure to the creature could be in peril. Several researchers working with the algae have reported bouts of memory loss and disorientation.
To understand the killer algae further, scientists must fully characterize their toxin and determine what stimulates them to attack. They also need to know if the algae are hurting fish populations, and whether pollutants make them more likely to attack.

The word "literally" underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______.

A. namely
B. superficially
C. imaginatively
D. actually