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37°探头探测钢轨接头时应注意哪“三看”？

答案

参考答案：

注意钢轨接头检查的“三看”。一看接头状态，是否翻浆冒泥、空吊板、高低、打塌、擦伤、掉块和塌碴接头，因这些病害造成接头列车冲击力加大，裂纹发生机率上升，探伤时应加大水量，确保探头与轨面耦合；二看波形显示，注意对各种回波位移大小、波幅强弱的观察，认真分析，从中发现异常回波显示，并做出准确判断；三看探头位置，根据接头区域各种回波与探头位置的对应关系，对异常回波进行判别，防止轨颚波与轨颚裂纹波、轨腰裂纹与螺孔波的混淆而发生漏检。

单项选择题

口渴：饮水

A．通俗：易懂

B．花卉：欣赏

C．销售：商品

D．建设：技能
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填空题

Seasick Try Controlling Your Breathing


If you get seasick easily, you may prepare for boat rides with pressure-point bracelets, ginger, or a prescription skin patch. (1) The technique presumably works because it helps control gravity sensors in the abdomen-a lesser-known input to our fine-tuned balance system.
(2) The inner ears sense motions of the head; the eyes see where the head is; and tiny sensory organs in muscles and tendons sense where the rest of the body is. More recently, researchers have realized that sensors in many other parts of the body also play a role: in the abdomen, the lower organs, and even blood vessels. (3) But if one or two don’t match up, the brain gets confused and we become nauseated.
Scientists knew the most sickening motions closely match the rate of natural breathing; they also knew that people naturally tend to breathe in time with a motion. (4)
Researchers from Imperial College London enlisted 26 volunteers to sit in a tilting, rocking flight simulator and coordinate their breathing in various ways with the motion. (5) The natural tendency was for volunteers to inhale on every backward tilt, in rhythm with the rocking. (6) They felt even better if they breathed slightly faster or slower than the cyclic heaving of the chair; using that technique, the time until onset of nausea was 50% longer than during normal breathing.
(7) Abdominal sensors are known to send motion signals to the brain more slowly than those in the inner ear because they’re farther away from the brain and because abdominal organs have more mass, which means they resist movement a tiny bit longer. (8) But if the diaphragm opposes gravity-induced stomach motions with controlled breaths, there is less sensory conflict and less nausea. "This technique is very good for mild everyday challenges," says medical research scientist Michael Gresty, a member of the study team. "it’s completely safe, and it’s not a drug."
A. But if the subjects exhaled on every backward tilt, they didn’t get sick as quickly.
B. As long as all of these sensors send matching signals to the brain, we feel oriented.
C. Now there’s one more remedy: timing your breathing to counteract the nauseating motion.
D. So why do these tactics work
E. The brain is traditionally thought to sense body position in three ways.
F. The time lag between the two types of sensors creates a mismatch that builds up in the brain and makes us gradually sicker, the researchers say.
G. The tests lasted up to 30 minutes, or until subjects felt moderately sick.
H. But no one had ever tested whether breathing out of time with a motion could prevent nausea.
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