问题 问答题 简答题

大气层如何分层,各有什么特点?适合飞机飞行的大气层是哪层?

答案

参考答案:

以大气中温度随高度的分布为主要依据,可将大气层划分为对流层、平流层、中间层、热层和散逸层。

(1)对流层温度随高度而降低,空气对流明显,集中了全部大气质量的约3/4和几乎全部的水气,是天气变化最复杂的层次,其厚度随纬度和季节而变化,低纬度地区平均16-18km,中纬度地区平均10-12km,高纬度地区平均8-9km。

(2)平流层位于对流层之上,顶部到50-55km,随着高度增加,起初气温不变或者略有升高;到20-30km以上,气温升高很快,可到270k-290k;平流层内气流比较稳定,能见度好。

(3)中间层,50-55km伸展到80-85km,随着高度增加,气温下降,空气有相当强烈的铅垂方向的运动,顶部气温可低至160k-190k。

(4)热层,从中间层延伸到800km高空,空气密度级小,声波已难以传播,气温随高度增加而上升,空气处于高度电离状态。

(5)散逸层,是地球大气的最外层,空气极其稀薄,大气分子不断向星际空间逃逸。飞机主要在对流层上部和同温层下部活动。

完形填空

完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出可以填入空白的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Around the end of my stay in Yellowknife, I had a chance to ride in a dogsled (狗拉雪橇). I went to   36    a man who had   37    dogsled tournaments more than four times. In his house, there were lots of awards on the shelves. I had a girl take my picture in    38   of the awards.

Finally, the time came to take a    39    in a dogsled. The instructor asked me time and time again if the clothes I was    40   were warm enough. Because it wasn’t so   41    outside, I thought I was wearing    42    .

However, my thinking   43    right after the 12 dogs started to    44    the sled on the frozen lake. It was freezing! I don’t know how fast they were running, but I lost all    45    in my hands and feet. Sometimes the snow which the dogs    46    up hit me.

After my ride in the dogsled, I went to see an igloo (圆顶建筑),which is a house    47    snow. There I had a    48    to hear the stories about Eskimos(爱斯基摩人).

Of course, as a person from Japan, I couldn’t    49    what they were talking about.  50   , there was a(n)   51    beside me, so he translated everything the Eskimo was saying. Then the Eskimo kindly    52    me some of the tools that they used. I had    53    seen such strange things before.

He talked about the    54    he needed to learn while traveling in the Arctic, such as how to make an igloo, how to make water from ice, and how to hunt using their inventions. I    55    that I didn’t take pictures of their tools because I didn’t have my camera at that time.

36. A. instruct         B. invite            C. take           D. visit

37. A. beaten           B. won                  C. received       D. defeated

38. A. front           B. need                C. honor         D. celebration

39. A. drive          B. look                    C. ride            D. tour

40. A. buying         B. wearing          C. choosing      D. borrowing

41. A. cool           B. warm              C. cold           D. hot

42. A. enough        B. obviously          C. comfortably    D. fully

43. A. gathered        B. reminded          C. remained      D. changed

44. A. push           B. pull               C. drive          D. carry

45. A. blood                B. temperature        C. feeling        D. movement

46. A. kicked          B. picked            C. turned         D. made

47. A. covered with    B. decorated with      C. made of       D. filled with

48. A. chance          B. time              C. moment       D. message

49. A. hear            B. understand          C. realize       D. admire

50. A. Therefore      B. Otherwise         C. However       D. Besides

51. A. villager        B. teacher             C. instructor          D. translator

52. A. lent           B. showed               C. sold            D. gave

53. A. ever           B. also                     C. usually           D. never

54. A. skills          B. materials           C. experiments    D. conditions

55. A. think          B. consider              C. regret          D. infer

单项选择题