问题 解答题

资料.植物世界中生命力最强的是地衣.据测试,地衣在零下273度的低温还能生长,在真空中放置6年还保持活力,在比沸水高一倍的温度下也能生存.因此,无论是沙漠、北极,甚至海龟的背上它都能生长.地衣为什么有这样的生命力?原来,地衣不是一种单纯的生物,它是由两类生物“合伙”而成:真菌和藻类.真菌吸收水分和无机盐,藻类有叶绿体,能利用阳光进行光合作用,与真菌共享.这种密切的关系就是地衣有顽强生命力的秘密.

(1)地衣由什么组成?

(2)地衣表现出来的生物之间的关系属于什么关系?

(3)生物之间还有哪些关系?请举例说明.

答案

(1)地衣是由真菌和藻类两种生物在一起共生形成的.

(2)藻类具有叶绿素,能以真菌吸收的水分、无机盐和空气中的二氧化碳作原料,通过阳光进行光合作用,制成养料(有机物),与真菌共同享受.真菌吸收水分和无机盐的本领很大,真菌还能通过分解作用可以产生水、无机盐和二氧化碳,能为藻类提供水、无机盐;当两者分开时,真菌得不到有机物无法生存,而藻类也因得不到足够的水、无机盐生长不良,因此它们都不能独立生活,像地衣这种由两种生物(真菌和藻类)共同生活在一起,相互依赖对双双彼此都有利的生活方式叫共生.

(3)生物与生物之间的关系还有:捕食关系如兔与草,狼与羊、竞争关系如水稻与稗草,两条狗争夺骨头、合作关系蚂蚁搬家等.

故答案为:

(1)真菌;藻类;

(2)共生关系;

(3)生物之间还有捕食关系如兔与草,狼与羊、竞争关系如水稻与稗草,两条狗争夺骨头、合作关系蚂蚁搬家等.(只要答对并正确举例同样给分).

单项选择题
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     Jim suffered heart problems. In conversation he expressed little joy and it seemed that his life was
drawing to a close.
     When his heart problems led to operation, Jim went through it successfully, and a full recovery was
expected. Within days, however, his heart was not beating properly. Jim was rushed back to operation,
but nothing was found to explain the cause of his illness. He died on the operating table on the day before
his 48th birthday.
     Dr. Bruce Smoller, a psychologist (心理学家), had had many conversations with him, and the more
he learned, the stranger he realized Jim's case was. When Jim was a child, his father,a teacher, suffered a
heart attack and stayed home to recover. One morning Jim asked his father to look over his homework,
promising to come home from school at noon to pick it up. His father agreed, but when Jim returned his
father had died. Jim's father was 48.
     "I think all his life Jim believed he killed his father, "Dr. Smoller says. "He felt that if he had not asked
him to look at his homework, his father would have lived. Jim had been troubled by the idea. The
operation was the trial(判决) he had expected for forty years. "Smoller believes that Jim willed himself
not to live to the age of 48.
     Jim's case shows the powerful role that attitude (态度) plays in physical health, and that childhood
experiences produce far-reaching effect on the health of grownups. Although most cases are less direct
than Jim's, studies show that childhood events, besides genes, may well cause such midlife diseases as
cancer, heart disease and mental illness.
1. Jim was sent back to operation because                   . 
A. his heart didn't work well
B. he expected a full recovery
C. his life was drawing to a close
D. the first one wasn't well performed
2. What made Dr. Smoller feel strange about Jim's case?   
A. Jim died at a young age.
B. Jim died on the operating table.
C. Both Jim and his father died of the same disease.
D. Jim's death is closely connected with his father's
3. From Smoller's words, we can infer that                      . 
A. Jim's father cared little about his study
B. Smoller agreed that Jim did kill his father
C. Jim thought he would be punished some day
D. Smoller believed Jim wouldn't live to the age of 48
4. Which of the following could have strong effect on one's physical health according to the text?  
a. One's genes.   b. One's life in childhood.  c. One's physical education.  
d. The date of one's birthday.  e. The opinions one has about something.
    
A. a,b,d          
B. a,b,e      
C. a,c,e        
D. b,c,d