问题 解答题
设函数f(x)=ax-
x2-1

(1)当a=2时,解不等式f(x)≤f(1);
(2)求a的取值范围,使得函数f(x)在[1,+∞)上为单调函数.
答案

(1)a=2时,f(x)≥f(1)可化为:2(x-1)≤

x2-1
,等价于:
x-1≥0
4(x-1)2x2-1
①或   
x-1<0
x2-1≥0

解①得 1≤x≤

5
3
,解②得 x≤-1.

所以,原不等式的解集为  {x|1≤x≤

5
3
或x≤-1}.

(2)任取x1,x2∈[1,+∞),且x1<x2,则

f(x1)-f(x2)=(ax1-
x12-1
)-(ax2-
x22-1
)
  =a(x1-x2)-(
x12-1
-
x22-1
)
  =a(x1-x2)-
x12-x22
x12-1
+
x22-1
  =(x1-x2)(a-
x1+x2
x12-1
+
x22-1
)

要使函数f(x)在[1,+∞)上为单调函数,需且只需:a>

x1+x2
x12-1
+
x22-1
恒成立,(或a<
x1+x2
x12-1
+
x22-1
恒成立).

因此,只要求出

x1+x2
x12-1
+
x22-1
在条件“x1,x2∈[1,+∞),且x1<x2”之下的最大、最小值即可.

为了探求这个代数式的最值,我们可以考虑极端情况,如:x1=1,x2→1,

容易知道,此时

x1+x2
x12-1
+
x22-1
→+∞;

若考虑x1<x2→+∞,则不难看出,此时

x1+x2
x12-1
+
x22-1
→1,至此我们可以看出:要使得函数f(x)为单调函数,只需a≤1.

事实上,当a≤1时,由于x1+x2

x12-1
+
x22-1
>0恒成立,

所以,

x1+x2
x12-1
+
x22-1
>1.所以,在条件“x1,x2∈[1,+∞),且x1<x2”之下,必有:f(x1)-f(x2)>0.

所以,f(x)在区间[1,+∞)上单调递减.

当a>1时,由(1)可以看出:特例a=2的情况下,存在f(1)=f(

5
3
).

由此可以猜想:函数f(x)在区间[1,+∞)上不是单调函数.

为了说明这一点,只需找到x1,x2∈[1,+∞),使得f(x1)=f(x2)即可.

简便起见,不妨取x1=1,此时,可求得x2=

a2+1
a2-1
>1,也即:f(1)=f(
a2+1
a2-1
)=a
,所以,f(x)在区间[1,+∞)上不是单调函数.

f′(x)=a-

x
x2-1
,对x∈[1,+∞),易知:

当x→1时,

x
x2-1
→+∞;当x→+∞时,
x
x2-1
→1

所以当x∈[1,+∞)时,

x
x2-1
>1,

从而只须a≤1,必有f'(x)<0,函数在x∈[1,+∞)上单调递减.

阅读理解

阅读理解。

      Tom saw an advertisement in Washington News for a beautiful, modern bicycle which cost $60, so he

  went to the shop which had put the advertisement in and asked to see one of their nice bicycles. The

 shopkeeper was very happy to show one to Tom. He examined (检查) it carefully and then turned to the

  shopkeeper, saying, "There isn't a lamp on this bicycle, but there was one on the bicycle in your

 advertisement."

     "Yes, Sir," answered the shopkeeper, "but the lamp isn't included in the price of the bicycle. It's an

 extra."

      "Not included in the price of the bicycle!" Tom said angrily. "But that's not honest. If the lamp's in the

 advertisement, it should have been included in the price you gave there."

     "Well, Sir," answered the shopkeeper calmly, "there's also a girl on the bicycle in our advertisement, but

  we don't supply (提供) one of them with the bicycle, either."

1. The story most probably took place in _____.

    A. Italy  

    B. China

    C. America

    D. Britain

2. The shopkeeper was very happy to show a bike to Tom because _____.

    A. Tom was the first customer who came to buy the bike.

    B. Tom examined the bike carefully

    C. another bike was wonderful.

    D. he hoped Tom would buy one.

3. What do you think would probably be the result?

    A. Tom left the shop angrily without buying a bicycle.

    B. Tom bought the lamp as well as the bicycle.

    C. Tom bought the bicycle only without a lamp.

    D. Tom kept quarrelling with the shopkeeper.

判断题