问题 填空题

化学与生活密切相关。

(1)生活中的下列物质属于混合物的是            (填序号);属于化合物的是            (填序号)。

A.矿泉水     B.澄清石灰水    C.蒸馏水

(2)汽车尾气中含有一氧化碳(CO)和一氧化氮(NO),它们都是城市空气的污染源。治理方法之一是 在汽车的排气管上装一个“催化转化器”,使一氧化碳和一氧化氮反应生成可参与大气循环的无毒气体二氧化碳(CO2)和氮气(N2)。

①下列叙述不正确的是                (填序号)

A.该过程中原子都没有发生变化

B.该过程中所有元素的化合价都发生了变化

C.该过程既不属于化合反应,也不属于分解反应

②可减少汽车尾气污染的措施为              (填序号)

A.使用清洁燃料       B. 推广使用电动汽车      C.低碳出行

(3)2013年诺贝尔化学奖授予了把计算机模型应用于化学研究的三位科学家。针对他们的研究,下列项目属于化学研究对象的是             (填序号)。

A.计算机的操作过程

B.揭示了植物绿叶中发生的光合作用过程

C.电子完成从一个原子核外向另一个原子核外的迁移

答案

(1)AB  C (2) ① B  ② A B C (3)B C

题目分析:(1)矿泉水中含有多种矿物质,澄清石灰水中含有氢氧化钙和水,它们都是混合物;蒸馏水是一种物质,它属于纯净物。(2)①原子是化学变化中的最小粒子,在化学变化中原子没有发生变化,A对;该变化中氧元素的化合价没有发生变化,B错;该变化的反应物是一氧化碳(CO)和一氧化氮(NO),生成物是二氧化碳(CO2)和氮气(N2),所以这个变化既不属于化合反应,也不属于分解反应。②清洁燃料燃烧的产物对空气不造成污染,A对;电动汽车不会排放有害气体,B对;低碳出行不会产生汽车尾气,C对。(3)计算机的操作过程是信息技术研究的领域,A错;植物的光全作用是化学变化,这个过程的研究与化学有关,B对;电子完成从一个原子核外向另一个原子核外的迁移,其实就是在化学变化过程中发生的,这也与化学有关,C对。

名词解释
填空题


The United States counts its population every ten years, and each census reveals that the racial and ethnic mix is changing dramatically, so by the year 2050, the "average" American will not be descended from (1) , but the majority of U. S. residents will trace (2) ancestry to Africa, Asia, the Hispanic world, the Pacific Islands, or the Middle East. Once the United States was a microcosm of European nationalities, (3) the United States is a microcosm of the world. The United States is (4) considered a "melting pot" society by many of its residents. (5) , many people prefer the term "salad bowl." They use this (6) to describe American society. American society will soon be (7) nonwhite. "Melting pot" implies that the different ethnic groups blend together (8) one homogeneous (9) , "salad bowl" (10) that nationalities, like the ingredients in a mixed green salad, retain their cultural (11) . Earlier generations of (12) believed they had to learn English quickly not only to survive but also for (13) .
Now, many immigrant groups do not (14) the same need. Because there are many places in America (15) you can work, shop, get medical care, marry, divorce and die without knowing English. (16) , Chinatown in San Francisco and New York. Also, Los Angeles has many Vietnamese immigrants and immigrants from Mexico. (17) , many immigrant groups want their children to know their (18) culture. Many Hispanics, for instance, want their children to learn (19) English and Spanish and study the Spanish language in school. They are fighting for the (20) to bilingual education in many communities. In many communities they are in the majority.