问题 问答题 简答题

简要回答大卫•李嘉图“比较成本学说”的主要内容.

答案

参考答案:

李嘉图的比较成本说是在亚当•斯密绝对成本理论的基础上发展起来的。根据斯密的观点,国际分工应按地域、自然条件及绝对的成本差异进行,即一个国家输出商品一定是生产具有绝对优势、生产成本绝对低的商品。李嘉图进一步发展了这一观点,他认为每个国家不一定要生产各种商品,而应集中生产优势最大或劣势最小的商品,然后通过国际贸易,在资本和劳动力不变的情况下,生产总量将增加,由此形成的国际分工对贸易各国都有利。

李嘉图认为,在资本与劳动力在国际间不能自由流动的情况下,按照比较成本理论的原则进行国际分工,可使劳动配置更合理,可增加产品总量,对贸易各国均有利。但其前提必须是完全的自由贸易。

阅读理解

Whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, my father and I used to climb the mountain near my house. Walking together, my father and I used to have a lot of conversations through which I learned lessons from his experiences. He always told me, “You should have goals like climbing the mountain.” Without the mountain-climbing that we both enjoyed, we couldn’t have enough time to spend together because my father was very busy. I really got a lot from the mountain-climbing. It gave me time to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as develop my patience.

Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so challenging for me because I was only ten years old. During the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flowers and trees, and the birds’ singing. But as time passed, I got a pain in both of my legs. I wanted to quit climbing, but my father said to me, “You can always see a beautiful sky at the top of the mountain, but you can’t see it before you reach the top. Only there can you see all of the nice things, which is just like your life.”

At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got to know the meaning of hope in life. I found myself standing at the top of the mountain, and the sky was as clear as crystal.

小题1: The passage tells us that mountain-climbing was ______ for the father and the son.

A.hard

B.enjoyable

C.painful

D.comfortable小题2: The underlined word “crystal” in the passage means _______.

A.岩石

B.火焰

C.水晶

D.寒冰小题3: Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the father’s words in the second paragraph?

A.You will get all you need at the top of the mountain.

B.The sky is always as clear as crystal.

C.You can find life is full of nice things.

D.Never give up half-way.小题4: We can infer(推断) from the last paragraph that ______.

A.the writer was very successful in his life

B.the writer reached the top of the mountain

C.though the writer was young, he could understand his father

D.the writer used to stop half-way when he climbed the mountain小题5: The best title for the passage is ______.

A.Reaching the Top of the Mountain

B.Standing at the Top of the Mountain

C.Conversations between Father and Son

D.How to Get to the Top of the Mountain

单项选择题