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问题 单项选择题

客户以4元/克卖出人民币白银1000克，三周后以3.9元/克买入500克，账户实际盈利或亏损多少？（）

A.盈利100元

B.盈利50元

C.亏损100元

D.亏损50元

答案

参考答案：B

单项选择题

在多个选择项中，有且只有一个答案的试题称为单选题，至少有一个但也可以有一个以上答案的称为多选题。对于一道严格的单选试题来说，作为答案的选项一定满足两个条件：第一，正确性；第二，唯一性。所谓正确性是指，答案是对问题的正确回答；所谓唯一性是指，不存在其他选项是对问题的正确回答。因此，如果对同一道单选试题，我们感觉两个或两个以上的选项都满足正确性，那么一定是遇到了干扰项，即似乎成立但实际上不成立的选项。
如果上述断定为真，那么以下哪项一定是真的？（）
Ⅰ．一道严格的单选试题的选项，如果满足正确性，则一定满足唯一性。
Ⅱ．一道严格的多选试题的选项，如果满足正确性，则一定不满足唯一性。
Ⅲ．一道不严格的单选试题，至少存在一个选项，满足正确性，但不满足唯一性。

A．仅仅Ⅰ。

B．仅仅Ⅱ。

C．仅仅Ⅲ。

D．仅仅Ⅰ和Ⅲ。

E．Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ。
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单项选择题

Lawrence Kohlberg


Born in 1927, Lawrence Kohlberg spent three years as a junior engineer in the merchant marine before entering college. After those years at sea, he was ready to buckle down and push through the rigorous program at Chicago in record time. He completed the four-year B.A. Degree in 1949 after only two years’ work. He clearly demonstrated a great capacity for academic scholarship, and it was natural for him to enroll as a Ph.D. candidate at the same university. He completed his doctorate in 1958; after two years for his undergraduate studies, it took him nine years for the Ph.D. He remarked wryly that it only proved you couldn’t accurately predict human behavior in all cases.
One of the major reasons for delay was his eventual topic, moral development in children and adolescents. A major portion of his doctoral work was in traditional area of clinical psychology and child development, including a traineeship at the famous Children’s Hospital in Boston. A substantial part of his difficulty was that all the time he was learning the traditional theories, including psychoanalytic views, he found in himself a growing skepticism. He began to evolve an alternative set of ideas to explain how children develop moral reasoning. What started as a traditional thesis on the relationship between the superego (the Freudian term for conscience) and moral behavior was transformed into a remarkably original framework for moral development in stages. It is rare for a young Ph.D. candidate to produce truly new insights into human behavior theory. It was uniquely creative for his thesis to force almost a complete revision of moral development theory as well.
With the completion of the thesis, finally, after nine years of work, he accepted an assistant professorship at the University of Chicago in 1962. Just six years later he was offered and accepted a full professorship at Harvard University and joined that faculty to form an innovative graduate program in human development. He was also awarded a special five-year Research Career Award by the National Institute of Mental Health to promote his longitudinal study on stages of moral development in adults as well as in children and adolescents. His major significance derives from the possible applications of the theory to promote psychologically healthy human beings. He is presently developing a series of intervention and teaching procedures that show promise of deliberately improving our level of moral judgment and moral maturity. If we are concerned about improving the quality of interpersonal human relationships, his work at present represents the most helpful insights and processes to help us attain that objective.

It took longer time for Kohlberg to get the Ph. D degree because ______.

A. he had spent more time on clinical psychology than he should.
B. his interest for the doctoral work was in the traditional area of research.
C. he had worked at the Children’s Hospital and wasted some time.
D. he had to shift the focus of his research from clinical studies to a new one.
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