问题 问答题 案例分析题

4月9日14时,患者褚某,男,32岁,从事家禽养殖业,4月4日,患者因发热、轻咳到该镇中心卫生院进行诊治,经治疗服药两天症状有所好转(具体不详),未再继续治疗。6日再次出现发热、咳嗽(体温不详),继续在该卫生院治疗。4月9日症状不见好转(但无呕吐、腹痛和腹泻等),遂来我院就诊。门诊体温筛查为39.8℃;门诊预检分诊护士询问流行病学史,确认有禽类接触史后,为患者佩戴外科防护口罩,并引领至发热门诊就诊。发热门诊医生立即进行诊治,查体:T:39.40℃P:100次/分R:20次/分;B.p:120/80mmHg。神志清,口唇红润,气管居中,颈静脉无怒张,两肺叩诊呈清音,听诊呼吸音粗,右肺可闻及湿罗音,心律齐,各瓣膜区无杂音。腹平软,无压痛,无反跳痛,肝脾肋下未触及,双下肢无水肿。血常规示:WB.C.:3.6×109/L,N:48%,L:44%,HB.125g/L,PLT:131×109/L。胸片示呈双肺多发磨玻璃影及肺实变影像,并有少量胸腔积液。以“重症肺炎”收入院,感染疾病科主任会诊,进一步检查血液生化,示C.反应蛋白:83mg/L。对症给予头孢他定、阿奇霉素、鱼腥草抗感染,补液等治疗,体温仍持续39℃以上。根据患者主诉和临床表现,感染疾病专家组分析高度怀疑病人可能感染“不明原因肺炎/禽流感”。

医务人员在诊疗工作中应当遵循标准预防原则是什么?医务人员怎样根据导致感染的风险程度采取相应的防护措施?

答案

参考答案:

接触所有患者时均应当戴外科口罩,严格执行手卫生等措施。接触疑似患者或确诊患者时应当戴医用防护口罩。

医务人员应当根据导致感染的风险程度采取相应的防护措施。

(1)接触患者的血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物、呕吐物及污染物品时应戴清洁手套,脱手套后洗手。

(2)可能受到患者血液、体液、分泌物等物质喷溅时,应戴外科口罩或者医用防护口罩、护目镜、穿隔离衣。

(3)对疑似或确诊患者进行气管插管操作时,应戴医用防护口罩、护目镜、穿隔离衣。

(4)外科口罩、医用防护口罩、护目镜、隔离衣等防护用品被患者血液、体液、分泌物等污染时应当及时更换。

(5)正确穿戴和脱摘防护用品,脱去手套或隔离服后立即洗手或手消毒。

(6)处理所有的锐器时应当防止被刺伤。

(7)每个患者用后的医疗器械、器具应当按照《医疗机构消毒技术规范》的要求进行清洁与消毒。

多项选择题
单项选择题

A proven method for effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developed by Francis Robinson. The first step is to survey (the S step) the chapter by reading the title, introduction, section headings, summary and by studying any graphs, tables, illustrations or charts. The purpose of this step is to get an overview of the chapter so that you will know before you read what it will be about. In the second step (the Q step), for each section you ask yourself questions such as "What do I already know about this topic" and "What do I want to know" In this step you also take the section heading and turn it into a question. This step gives you a purpose for reading the section. The third step (the first of the 3 R’s) is to read to find the answer to your questions. Then at the end of each section, before going on to the next section, you recite (the second of the 3 R’s) the answers to the questions that you formed in the question step. When you recite you should say the information you want to learn out loud in your own words. The fifth step is done after you have completed steps 2, 3 and 4 for each section. You review (the last of the 3 R’s) the entire chapter. The review is done much as the survey was in the first step. As you review, hold a mental conversation with yourself as you recite the information you selected as important to learn. The mental conversation could take the form of asking and answering the questions fromed from the headings or reading the summary, which lists the main ideas in the chapter, and trying to fill in the details for each main idea.

The passage implies that the SQ3R method()

A. needs to be proven

B. leaves much to he desired

C. turns out to be practicable

D. cannot be used by every reader