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我国白酒有哪些香型?各有什么特点?

答案

参考答案:

中国白酒香型风格丰富多样,主要有酱香型、浓香型、清香型、米香型和兼香型等。 

①酱香型,又称为茅香型,以贵州茅台酒为代表 

这类香型的白酒香气香而不艳,低而不淡,醇香幽雅,回味悠长,倒入杯中过夜香气久留不散,且空杯留香,令人回味无穷。酱香型白酒是由酱香酒、窖底香酒和醇甜酒等勾兑而成的。所谓酱香是指酒品具有类似酱类食品的香气,酱香型酒香气的组成成分极为复杂,至今对于酱香型白酒的主体香型物质尚未有定论,但普遍认为酱香是由高沸点的酸性物质与低沸点的醇类组成的复合香气。②浓香型,又称泸香型 

以四川泸州老窖特曲为代表。浓香型的酒具有芳香浓郁,绵柔甘洌,香味协调,入口甜,落口绵,尾净余长等特点,这也是判断浓香型白酒酒质优劣的主要依据。构成浓香型酒典型风格的主体物质是己酸乙酯,乳酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯,三者含量的合理搭配构成浓香型白酒的风格特点。 

不同产地的浓香型白酒其风格特点上也有差异,或追求浓郁,或追求优雅。浓香型白酒的品种和产量均属全国大曲酒之首,五粮液、泸州老窖特曲、剑南春、洋河大曲、古井贡酒都是浓香型自酒中的优秀代表。 

③清香型,又称汾香型 

以山西杏花村汾酒为主要代表,清香型白酒酒气清香芬芳醇正,口味甘爽协调,酒味纯正,醇厚绵软。酒体组成的主体香是乙酸乙酯和乳酸乙酯,两者结合成为该酒主体香气,其特点是清、爽、醇、净。清香型风格基本代表了我国老白干酒类的基本香型特征。 

④米香型 

米香型酒指以桂林三花酒为代表的一类小曲米液,是中国历史悠久的传统酒种。米香型酒蜜香清柔,幽雅纯净,入口柔绵,回味怡畅,给人以朴实纯正的美感,米香型酒的香气组成是乳酸乙酯含量大于乙酸乙酯,高级醇含量也较多,共同形成它的主体香。这类酒的代表有桂林三花酒、全州湘山酒、广东长东烧等小曲米酒。 

⑤兼香型,通常又称为复香型,即兼有两种以上主体香气的白酒 

这类酒在酿造工艺上吸取了清香型、浓香型和酱香型酒之精华,在继承和发扬传统酿造工艺的基础上独创而成。兼香型白酒之间风格相差较大,有的甚至截然不同,这种酒的闻香、口香和回味香各有不同香气,具有一酒多香的风格。兼香型酒以董酒为代表,董酒酒质既有大曲酒的浓郁芳香,又有小曲酒的柔绵醇和、落口舒适甜爽的特点,风格独特。 

以上几种香型只是中国白酒中比较明显的香型。即使是同一香型白酒香气也不一定完全一样,就拿同属于浓香型的五粮液、泸州老窖特曲、古井贡酒等来说,它们的香气和风味也有显著的区别,其香韵也不相同,因为各种名酒的独特风味除取决于其主体香含量的多寡外,还受各种香味成分的相互烘托、缀冲和平衡作用的影响。

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     Scientists who discovered a new way of generating electricity from water say they may have come

across an alternative source of clean energy to rival wind and solar power.

     The breakthrough, which scientists say is the first new way to generate electricity in 160 years, could

lead to batteries that use water instead of poisonous substances.

     The scientists made the discovery when they were investigating what happens when tap water is

forced through extremely narrow glass tubes. Water squeezed down the tubes, each of which was

narrower than a tenth the thickness of a human hair, generating a small electric current that ran the length

of the tube. To produce a larger electric current, the team tried forcing water through a glass water filte

r(滤水器) that contained thousands of narrow channels lined up side by side. "When we took a syringe (注射器) of water and squeezed it through the filter, we got enough power to light a light bulb," said

Larry Kostiuk of the University of Alberta in Canada. "The harder you push the syringe, the more electric

current you get."

     The current is produced because of an effect in the glass tubes. When they are filled with water,

positively charged ions (阳离子) fixed in the tubes are washed away, leaving a slight negative charge on

the glass surface. When water is then forced along the tube, the surface repels negatively charged ions in

the water while positively charged ions are attracted down the tube. The result is a net flow of positively

charged ions that sets up an electric current.

      According to Dr Kostiuk, no one has ever thought to use water to produce electricity in this way.

"The last time someone came up with a way of generating electricity was Michael Faraday in 1839," he

said. "So this is the first new way of generating electricity in 160 years, which is why we are so excited

about it."

     Dr Kostiuk says water batteries might one day be used to power mobile phones and calculators, but

admitted that the engineering challenges might make other applications more realistic. "You'd need to be

sure it wouldn't leak, and you'd need to make sure it wouldn't freeze," he said.

     More likely would be to install the electricity-generating devices where water is already being pumped, such as at city water filtration sites, he said. "It could compete with wind and solar power," he added.

1. What does the passage mainly want to tell us about?

A. A kind of solar power discovered by scientists.

B. A kind of new energy source found in tap water.

C. The breakthrough to generate electricity 160 yeas ago.

D. A kind of new battery invented without poisonous substances.

2. The underlined word "repels" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.

A. rejects      

B. identifies        

C. attracts        

D. rebels

3. Why were the scientists extremely happy about their new discovery?

A. They were the first to find a new way to produce electricity.

B. They could make an electric current to light a light bulb.

C. Their discovery could be used to invent water batteries.

D. Their discovery was made 160 years earlier than Faraday's.

4. What can we infer about potential water batteries?

A. They must be used to power mobile phones and calculators.

B. They have some possible disadvantages like water leaking.

C. They would be needed greatly at city water filtration sites.

D. They would be better than wind and solar power.