问题 问答题 简答题

简述壁胸膜返折线的体表投影。

答案

参考答案:

胸膜前界为肋胸膜前缘与纵隔胸膜前缘的返折线。两侧均起自胸膜顶,即锁骨内侧1/3段上方2.5cm处,向内下行经胸锁关节后方至第2胸肋关节的高度,两侧靠拢,于正中线稍偏左垂直向下。右侧直达第6胸肋关节处移行为下界,左侧至第4胸肋关节处转向下,沿胸骨侧缘外侧2~2.5cm下行,达第6肋软骨中点处移行为下界。两侧胸膜前界在第2~4胸肋关节高度互相靠拢,而上、下又各自分开,形成两个三角形无胸膜区。上方的为上胸膜间区,又称胸腺三角,儿童较宽,内有胸腺;成人较窄,有胸腺遗迹和结缔组织。下方者称为下胸膜间区,内有心包和心,故又称心包三角,此处心包未被胸膜遮盖,直接与胸前壁相贴。

胸膜下界为肋胸膜与膈胸膜的返折线。左侧起自第6肋软骨中点处,右侧起自第6胸肋关节后方,两侧均向外下行,在锁骨中线与第8肋相交,腋中线与第10肋相交,肩胛线与第11肋相交,近后正中线平对第12胸椎棘突高度。

阅读理解

  A sixth of undergraduates in Beijing this year have registered at driving school. The students, mostly from majors such as business management or international trade, will finish their driving courses within 20 days or so.

  Training costs have dropped to 2, 600 yuan for students, according to the Haidian Driving School in Beijing. The price is not really low, but students will accept it, seeing it as an investment (投资)in their future. Familiarity with the operation of computers and fluent English are the basic skills graduating students need to find a job. But a driver’s permit has become another factor (因素).

  “In the job market, owning a driver’s permit sometimes strengthens a graduating student’s competitiveness for a good position, ”says Zhou Yang, an undergraduate at the China University of Political Science and Law.

  Cars will become a necessary part of many people’s lives in the coming years, and it is difficult to get a permit of campus because of the pressures on working people’s time. “Having a fulltime job after graduation offers limited time to learn to drive. We senior students have plenty of spare time, plenty of opportunity to learn. ”Zhou says.

  Xu Jian, an official at the driving school, said undergraduates were very able and serious, and could grasp in an hour what ordinary people took four hours to learn. In this driving school, middle -aged people, young women and college students are the main customers.

  To get a driver’s permit, a beginner is now required to have at least 86 hours’practice before the final road test.

 小题1:________ in Beijing want to learn to drive.

A.Most of the undergraduates

B.Many undergraduates

C.Many students in the driving school

D.Most of the students who learn business or international trade  小题2:The undergraduates are learning to drive because ________.

A.they need this skill to find a good job

B.they like to drive cars

C.they will not have any time to learn to drive after they have

  found a full - time job

D.most of them will be able to buy cars in the future  小题3:Which of the following is likely to be Xu Jian’s opinion of students learning to drive?

A.He thought it was better to learn it at college than at work.

B.He decided it was a waste of money and time to learn to drive.

C.He agreed that they could learn to drive.

D.He thought they would spend three times more time to learn to drive than usual.  小题4:Which of the following can be the best headline for the passage?

A.Students Pay Less to Learn to Drive Now.

B.Students Learn to Drive.

C.It is Better to Learn to Drive at Colleges.

D.Welcome to the Driving School.

单项选择题